Contribution to the study of dental caries in 0-30-month-old infants

Abstract

This study evaluated the oral health conditions of 340 children, aged 0-30 months (21.3 ± 5.6) - 54.4% of girls and 45.6% of boys - from 20 public day nurseries of Salvador (Brazil), as to the presence of incipient carious lesions. The exam was carried out by a single examiner, who utilized a mirror, a probe and a penlight. The teeth were wiped with gauzes in order to remove the dental plaque. A questionnaire was answered by the childrens parents or caretakers in order to assess information regarding knowledge on caries, caries risk factors, socioeconomic status of the family and utilization of fluoride. Two hundred and twenty-nine answered questionnaires (67.35%) were obtained. The observed lesions were classified in five stages, according to their severity (C0-C4; active/inactive). The data were analyzed using the Epi-info 6.02. The prevalence of caries was 55.3% when all stages were registered: 25% for subjects aged 0-12 months, 51.18% for subjects aged 13-24 months and 71.03% for those aged 25-30 months (chi² = 25.31, p < 0.01). When only active white spots were considered, 49.7% of the children were affected; 17.6% of the children presented with cavitated lesions. Among the affected children, 90.96% had lesions only on anterior teeth: 80% of the lesions were white spots and 20%, cavities. No significant difference was observed between genders. The increased amount of biofilm was positively associated with dental decay in toddlers (chi² = 67.61, p < 0.01), and the number of affected children increased when the sleep-time nursing habit was present (chi² = 0.24, p = 0.62). The prevalence of lesions increased with age and with the number of erupted teeth (chi² = 25.31, p < 0.01; chi² = 122.95, p < 0.01). Early oral health attention, diagnosis of incipient lesions, as well as educative and preventive programs to change oral hygiene and dietary habits are suggested.