Estudos de gênero e esportes: uma perspectiva histórica
Palavras-chave:
Gênero, EsportesResumo
Em 1978, a socióloga canadense Ann Hall introduziu formalmente o conceito de "gênero" nos Estudos dos Esportes, em uma monografia intitulada Sport and Gender: A Feminist Perspective ontheSociologyof Sport (Esporte e Gênero: Uma Perspectiva Feminista sobre a Sociologia do Esporte). Nesta monografia, ela realizou uma revisão sobre o estado da arte no campo da Sociologia sobre as produçõesque estivessem relacionadas às experiênciasdas mulheres nos esportes e, paralelamente, ofereceu uma crítica deste material a partir de uma perspectiva feminista. O uso do termo "gênero" por Hall foi, segundo meu conhecimento, algo sem precedentes na área dosEstudos dos Esportes e, em retrospectiva, seu trabalho parece crucial para o desenvolvimento dessa área, uma vez que trouxe o conceito para o horizonte das produções acadêmicas sobre esportes e exigiu que se tomasse, a partir disso, uma perspectiva feminista. A inclusão do termo “gênero” começaria a alterar significativamente as pesquisas área dos Estudos dos Esportes. É a partir do trabalho de Hall e de outros(as) pesquisadores(as), que também começaram a usar o conceito "gênero" em vez de "sexo", que gênero começou a ser usado para rejeitar o determinismo biológico e para delinear que os padrões comportamentais, culturais ou psicológicos tipicamente associados a um sexo, eram na verdade socialmente construídos. O foco da pesquisa de Hall, como argumentei em outro lugar (Bandy, 2004a), começou a afastar-se de uma abordagem sobre as mulheres atletas e foi em direção ao conceito de "gênero" e, mais tarde, chegou à crítica – de uma perspectiva feminista - dos esportes e da cultura física.
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