Submissions Online

Format

Article files should be provided in Microsoft Word format. LaTex files can be used if an accompanying PDF document is provided. PDF as a sole file type is not accepted, a PDF must be accompanied by the source file. Acceptable figure file types are listed further below.

Article length

Articles should be a maximum of 6,000 words in length. This includes all text including references and appendices. Please allow 280 words for each figure or table.

(For instance, if an article has 5,000 words and two tables, then the total sum of words will be: 5,000 + 280 + 280 = 5,560 words)

Article title

A title of not more than eight words should be provided.

Author details

All contributing authors’ names should be added to the ScholarOne submission, and their names arranged in the correct order for publication. IMPORTANT- all authors (both the corresponding and co-authors) are required to have a valid ORCiD in order to publish in this journal. Submitting authors should ensure that all relevant ORCiDs are captured as part of the submission process. In order to obtain your ORCiD, please follow this link: https://orcid.org/register

• Correct e-mail addresses should be supplied for each author in their separate author accounts
• The full name of each author must be present in their author account in the exact format they should appear for publication, including or excluding any middle names or initials as required
• The affiliation of each contributing author should be correct in their individual author account. The affiliation listed should be where they were based at the time that the research for the paper was conducted

Biographies and acknowledgements

Authors who wish to include these items should save them together in an MS Word file to be uploaded with the submission. If they are to be included, a brief professional biography of not more than 100 words should be supplied for each named author.

Structured abstract

Authors must supply a structured abstract in their submission, both via the online submission system and within the Word document as per the below sub-headings (see our "How to... write an abstract" guide for practical help and guidance):

• Purpose (mandatory)
• Design/methodology/approach (mandatory)
• Findings (mandatory)
• Research limitations/implications (if applicable)
• Practical implications (if applicable)
• Social implications (if applicable)
• Originality/value (mandatory)

Maximum is 250 words in total (including keywords and article classification, see below).

Authors should avoid the use of personal pronouns within the structured abstract and body of the paper (e.g. "this paper investigates..." is correct, "I investigate..." is incorrect).

Keywords

Authors should provide appropriate and short keywords in the ScholarOne submission that encapsulate the principal topics of the paper (see the How to... ensure your article is highly downloaded guide for practical help and guidance on choosing search-engine friendly keywords). The maximum number of keywords is 12.

Whilst Emerald will endeavour to use submitted keywords in the published version, all keywords are subject to approval by Emerald’s in house editorial team and may be replaced by a matching term to ensure consistency.

Article classification

Authors must categorize their paper as part of the ScholarOne submission process. The category which most closely describes their paper should be selected from the list below.

Research paper. This category covers papers which report on any type of research undertaken by the author(s). The research may involve the construction or testing of a model or framework, action research, testing of data, market research or surveys, empirical, scientific or clinical research.

Viewpoint. Any paper, where content is dependent on the author's opinion and interpretation, should be included in this category; this also includes journalistic pieces.

Technical paper. Describes and evaluates technical products, processes or services.

Conceptual paper. These papers will not be based on research but will develop hypotheses. The papers are likely to be discursive and will cover philosophical discussions and comparative studies of others' work and thinking.

Case study. Case studies describe actual interventions or experiences within organizations. They may well be subjective and will not generally report on research. A description of a legal case or a hypothetical case study used as a teaching exercise would also fit into this category.

Literature review. It is expected that all types of paper cite any relevant literature so this category should only be used if the main purpose of the paper is to annotate and/or critique the literature in a particular subject area. It may be a selective bibliography providing advice on information sources or it may be comprehensive in that the paper's aim is to cover the main contributors to the development of a topic and explore their different views.

General review. This category covers those papers which provide an overview or historical examination of some concept, technique or phenomenon. The papers are likely to be more descriptive or instructional ("how to" papers) than discursive.

Headings

Headings must be concise, with a clear indication of the distinction between the hierarchy of headings. 

The preferred format is for first level headings to be presented in bold format and subsequent sub-headings to be presented in medium italics.

Notes/endnotes

Notes or endnotes should be used only if absolutely necessary and must be identified in the text by consecutive numbers, enclosed in square brackets and listed at the end of the article.

Figures

All Figures (charts, diagrams, line drawings, web pages/screenshots, and photographic images) should be submitted in electronic form. 

All figures should be of high quality, legible and numbered consecutively with arabic numerals. Graphics may be supplied in colour to facilitate their appearance on the online database.

• Figures created in MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Excel, Illustrator should be supplied in their native formats. Electronic figures created in other applications should be copied from the origination software and pasted into a blank MS Word document or saved and imported into an MS Word document or alternatively create a PDF file from the origination software.
• Figures which cannot be supplied as above are acceptable in the standard image formats which are: .pdf, .ai, and .eps. If you are unable to supply graphics in these formats then please ensure they are .tif, .jpeg, or .bmp at a resolution of at least 300dpi and at least 10cm wide.
• To prepare web pages/screenshots simultaneously press the "Alt" and "Print screen" keys on the keyboard, open a blank Microsoft Word document and simultaneously press "Ctrl" and "V" to paste the image. (Capture all the contents/windows on the computer screen to paste into MS Word, by simultaneously pressing "Ctrl" and "Print screen".)
• Photographic images should be submitted electronically and of high quality. They should be saved as .tif or .jpeg files at a resolution of at least 300dpi and at least 10cm wide. Digital camera settings should be set at the highest resolution/quality possible.

Tables

Tables should be typed and included in a separate file to the main body of the article. The position of each table should be clearly labelled in the body text of article with corresponding labels being clearly shown in the separate file. 

Ensure that any superscripts or asterisks are shown next to the relevant items and have corresponding explanations displayed as footnotes to the table, figure or plate.

References

References to other publications must be in APA style and carefully checked for completeness, accuracy and consistency. This is very important in an electronic environment because it enables your readers to exploit the Reference Linking facility on the database and link back to the works you have cited through CrossRef.

Invert all authors’ names; give surnames and initials for up to and including seven authors. When authors number eight or more, include the first six authors’ names, then insert three ellipsis points, and add the last author’s name. For example:

Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C., Asgaard, G., … Botros, N. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention last for more than 31 days and are more severe with stress, dependence, DRD2 A 1 allele, and depressive traits. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249–267. doi:1 0.1 080/1462220041 0001676305.

For references with the same surname and initials but different first name provide the first name as follows:

• • Janet, P. [Paul]. (1876). La notion de la personnalité [The notion of personality]. Revue Scientifique, 10, 574–575.
  • Janet, P. [Pierre]. (1906). The pathogenesis of some impulsions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1, 1–17.

Text citation to be given as follows: (Paul Janet, 1876) (Pierre Janet, 1906)

For references of two or more primary authors with the same surname, include the first author's initials in all text citations, even if the year of publication differs.

• • Light, I. (2006). Deflecting immigration: Networks, markets, and regulation in Los Angeles. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Light, M. A., & Light, I. H. (2008). The geographic expansion of Mexican immigration in the United States and its implications for local law enforcement. Law Enforcement Executive Forum Journal, 8, 73–82.

Examples of text citation: Among studies, we review M.A. Light and Light (2008). I. Light (2006) studies this concept.

If two references of more than three surnames with the same year shorten to the same form e.g. both Ireys, Chernoff, DeVet, & Kim, 2001, and Ireys, Chernoff, Stein, DeVet, & Silver, 2001 shorten to Ireys et al., 2001)

Then cite the surnames of the first authors and of as many of the subsequent authors as necessary to distinguish the two references, followed by a comma and et al.:

Ireys, Chernoff, DeVet, et al. (2001) and Ireys, Chernoff, Stein, et al. (2001)

• Do not include personal communications, such as letters, memoranda, and informal electronic communications in references but do cite these in the text. Examples of a citation of personal communication are: (V. G. Nguyen, personal communication, September 28, 1999); T. K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001).

Use Arabic numerals even if some volume numbers of books and journals are given in roman numerals (e.g. Vol. 3 not Vol. III).

Examples of references: Journals:

• Burns, P. (2002a). The intergovernmental regime: A public policy in Hartford, Connecticut. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(7), 55–73.
• Burns, P. (2002b). The intergovernmental regime: A public policy in Hartford, Connecticut. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(September), 55–73.
• Burns, P. (2002). The intergovernmental regime: A public policy in Hartford, Connecticut. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(Autumn), 55–73.
• Burns, P. (in press-a). The intergovernmental regime: A public policy in Hartford, Connecticut. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(7), 55–73.
• Burns, P., & Johanson, R. (Eds.). (2002). The intergovernmental regime: A public policy in Hartford, Connecticut. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(7), 55–73.

Books:

• Alexander, C. F. (1996). The theory and practice of Ku Klux Klan in the southwest. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
• Alexander, C. F. (1996). The theory and practice of Ku Klux Klan in the southwest [Brochure]. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
• American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). (2002). Statement on auditing standards no. 99: Consideration of fraud in a financial audit. New York, NY: AICPA.
• Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality: Psychological aspects (2nd ed., pp. 34–48). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
• Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). London: Merriam-Webster.
• Citation: (Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 1993). 

Edited Books:

• Bridges, A., Burns, B., & Cash, A. (1989). Becoming an American: The working classes in the United States before the Civil War. In I. Katezelson & A. Zolvo (Eds.), Working class formation: A subject class (2nd ed., Vol. 6, pp. 110–125). Princeton, NJ: Wiley.
• Bridges, A., & Burns, B. (with Cash, C. A.) (1989). Becoming an American: The working classes in the United States before the Civil War. In I. Katezelson (Ed.), Working class formation: A subject class (2nd ed., Vol. 6, pp. 110–125). London: City University.
• Bridges, A., Burns, B., & Cash, A. (Eds.). (1989). Becoming an American: The working classes in the United States before the Civil War. In Working class formation: A subject class (2nd ed., Vol. 6, p. 125). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Simmel, G. (1950). The stranger. In K. Wolff (Ed. & Trans.), The sociology of Georg Simmel. New York, NY: Free Press (Original work published in 1908).

PHD Thesis

• Lowe, R. (1967). Racial segregation in Indiana. Ph.D. thesis, Ball State University, Munice, IN, USA.

Dissertation

• Sinaceur, M. (2006). Suspending judgments to create value: Suspicion, distrust and trust in negotiations. Dissertation, Stanford University

Proceedings

• Chalmers, D. (1965). Becoming an American in today’s world. In I. Katezelson (Ed.), Proceedings of the 4th international conference meeting, Bronx, Germany (pp. 1–27).

Unpublished data

• Chalmers, D. (1965). Racial segregation in Indiana. Unpublished data. Department of Biotechnology, University of Antwerp, Belgium

Translation

• John, A., Williams, R., & Monste, E. (2000). Article title in German. Journal name in German. [Translation of Journal Name in English.], 47, 1–10.

Book Translation

• John, A., Williams, R., & Monste, E. (2000). In H. Johanson & K. Mark (Trans.), Book name in French (pp. 1–20). [Book name in English.] Place: Publisher

Book Series

• John, A., Williams, R., & Monste, E. (2000). Article title. In T. Monste (Ed.), Book name. Book Title Series. Place: Publisher

Technical Report

• Bonn, M. (2000). Racial segregation in Indiana. Technical Report no. 29876765. University of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
• Author, A. (2001). Article title. Technical Report. Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin 1897287. University of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
• Armstrong, J., Deeble, J., Dror, D. M., Rice, N., Thiede, M., & Van de Ven, W. P. M. M. (2004, February 16). The International Review Panel report to the South African Risk Equalization Fund Task Group. Retrieved from http://www.medicalschemes.com/publications/publications.aspx?catid=23. Accessed on March 9, 2007.
• Armstrong, J., Deeble, J., & Dror, D. M. (2004, February 16). The International Review Panel report to the South African Risk Equalization Fund Task Group. Retrieved from http://www.medicalschemes.com/publications/publications.aspx?catid=23. Accessed on March 9