Gas chromatographic method for the determination of ephedrines in urine for doping control purposes

Abstract

Ephedrines are sympathomimetic amines present in many pharmaceutical preparations used in the treatment of respiratory diseases due to their actions against broncospasm and congestion. Nowadays, several products sold as nutritional supplements contain ephedrines and are widely used in a diverse range of sports as weight loss aids and enhancement of athletic performance. However, the abuse of ephedrines may lead to a number of adverse effects including hypertension, headache, tachycardia and seizure. Due to their CNS stimulating action, ephedrines are included in the prohibited list of substances by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Urinary threshold concentrations were established (ephedrine and methylephedrine >;10 µg/mL). The aim of this work was to develop and validate a method for the simultaneous determination of ephedrines present in urine samples for doping purposes by gas chromatography with nitrogenous-phosphorous detector (GC/NPD). The method was based on a liquid-liquid extraction of alkalinized urine and further derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFA). The validated method showed to be simple, practical and linear at the studied concentrations range. Urine samples collected from volunteers, who reported the use of ephedrines, were submitted to the proposed method.