The motor tests MABC-2, TGMD-2 and KTK can explain the executive function in children of 8 to 10 years?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-4690.v35i2p343-352Keywords:
Motor skill, Executive control, Motor batteries, Typical developmentAbstract
The aim of this study was to verify if there is a relationship between motor performance and executive functions, as well as, to analyze which motor battery, MABC-2, KTK, TGMD-2, would better explain the executive functions of 8- to 10-year-old children with development typical. 60 children, aged between 8 and 10 years (Mean = 9.09; Standard deviation 0.75) were included in the study. For the evaluation of the executive functions, the Test of Trails was used, already for the evaluation of the motor performance, the tests Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (MABC -2), Körperkoordination Test fürKinder (KTK) and Test of Gross Development Second Edition (TGMD-2). The Spearman Correlation test was used to verify the relationship between executive functions and motor performance, and Simple Linear Regression was used to identify which motor tests best explain executive functions. We found a relationship between motor performance and executive function only for girls. In addition, it has been found that the MABC-2 battery is the test that best explains partially the executive functions mainly for the female gender. These results imply a possible prior detection of both motor and cognitive difficulties, using the MABC-2 battery for females in this group. Furthermore, with these results, it is assumed that only some motor tasks are related to the executive function, being those involving fi ne motor skills.
Downloads
References
Wu, Meng et al. Infant motor and cognitive abilities and subsequent executive function. Infant Behavior Develop. 2017;49: 204-213.
Diamond A. Executive functions. Ann Rev Psychol. 2013;64:135-168.
Malloy-Diniz LF, Sedo M, Fuentes D, Leite WB. Neuropsicologia das funções executivas. In: Fuentes D, Malloy-Diniz LF, Camargo CHP, Cosenza RM, editores. Neuropsicologia: teoria e prática. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2008.
Claire EC, Laura LB, William MM. Fine motor skills and executive function both contribute to kindergarten achievement. Child Dev. 2012;83:1229-1244.
Roebers CM, Kauer M. Motor and cognitive control in a normative sample of 7‐year‐olds. Develop Sci. 2009;14: 175-181.
Diamond, A. Close interrelation of motor development and cognitive development and of the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex. Child Develop. 2000;71:44-56.
Van der Fels SC, Wierike EH, Elferink-Gemser, JC. Visscherthe relationship between motor skills and cognitive skills in 4-16 year old typically developing children: a systematic review. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18:697-703.
Wang MV, Lekhal R, Aarø LE, et al. Developmental relationship between language and motor performance from 3 to 5 years of age: a prospective longitudinal population study BMC Psychol. 2014;2:34.
Ten Eycke D, Dewey KD. Parent-report and performance-based measures of executive function assess diff erent constructs Child Neuropsychol. 2015.
Houwen S, et al. The relationship between motor performance and parent-rated executive functioning in 3-to 5-year old children: what is the role of confounding variables?. Human Mov Sci. 2017;53:24-36.
Hernandez AM, Caçola P. Motor proficiency predicts cognitive ability in four-year-olds. Eur Early Childhood Educ Res J. 2015;23:573-584.
Livesey D, et al. The relationship between measures of executive function, motor performance and externalising behaviour in 5-and 6-year-old children. Human Mov Sci. 2006;25:50-64.
Rigoli D, et al. An examination of the relationship between motor coordination and executive functions in adolescents. Develop Med Child Neurol. 2012;54:1025-1031.
Piek JP, et al. The relationship between motor coordination, executive functioning and attention in school aged children. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2004;19:1063-1076.
Ble A, et al. Executive function correlates with walking speed in older persons: the inchianti study. J Am Geriatrics Soc. 2005;53:410-415.
Dias N, Tortella G. Evidências de validade do teste e trilhas: partes A e B. In: Seabra A. Avaliação neuropsicológica cognitiva: atenção e funções executivas. São Paulo: Memnon. 2012;67-72.
Frazen MD, Paul D, Iverson GL. Cross-validation of the alternate forms reliability of the Trail Making Test. Clin Neuropsychologist. 1996;10:125-129.
Charter RA, Adkins TG, Alekoumbides A, Seacat GF. Reliability of the WAIS, WMS, and Reitan Battery: raw scores and standardized scores corrected for age and education. Int J Clin Neuropsychol. 1987;9:28-32.
Kiphard EJ, Schilling, F. Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder: KTK. Beltz.1974.
Valentini NC, Ramalho MH, Oliveira MA. Movement assessment battery for children-2: translation, reliability, and validity for Brazilian children. Res Develop Disabilities. 2014;35:733-740.
Valentini ND, et al. Teste de desenvolvimento motor grosso: validade e consistência interna para uma população gaúcha. Rev Bras Cineantropometria Des Hum. 2008;10:399-404.
Ferreira LO, et al. Avaliação da função executiva de crianças e adolescentes: desempenho e tempo na Torre de Hanói. 2013.
Monette S, Bigras M, Lafrenière MA. Structure of executive functions in typically developing kindergarteners. J Exp Child Psychol. 2015;140:120-139.
Wiebe SA, Sheffi eld T, Nelson JM, et al. The structure of executive function in 3- year-olds. J Exp Child Psychol. 2011;108:436-452.
Klenberg L, Korkman M, Lahti-Nuuttila P. Differential development of attention and executive functions in 3- to 12- year-old Finnish children. Develop Neuropsychol. 2001;20:407-428.
Silverman IW. Gender differences in delay of gratification: a meta-analysis. Sex Roles. 2003;49:451-463.
Papalia DE, Feldman RD. Desenvolvimento humano. Artmed Editora; 2013.
Sbicigo JB, et al. Nível socioeconômico e funções executivas em crianças/ adolescentes: revisão sistemática. Arq Bras Psicol. 2013;65:51-69.
Medeiros P, Zequinão MA, Cardoso FL. A infl uência do desempenho motor no “status” social percebido por crianças. Rev Bras Educ Fís Esporte. 2016;30:1069-1077.
Lung FW, Chiang TL, Lin SJ, et al. Gender differences of children’s developmental trajectory from 6 to 60 months in the Taiwan birth cohort pilot study. Res Develop Dis. 2011;32:100-106.
Saccani R., Valentini NC. Análise do desenvolvimento motor de crianças de 0 a 18 meses de idade: representatividade dos itens da Alberta Infant Motor Scale por faixa etária e postura. Rev Bras Cresc Des Hum. 2010;20:753-764.
Haywood KM, Getchell N. Desenvolvimento motor ao longo da vida. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2010.
Howard AD, Okely YG. Ellisevaluation of a diff erentiation model of preschoolers’ executive functions. Frontiers Psychol. 2015;6:285.
Piek B, Hands MK. Licariassessment of motor functioning in the preschool period. Neuropsychol Rev. 2012;22:402-413.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Brazilian journal of physical education and sport
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Todo o conteúdo da revista, exceto onde está identificado, está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons (CC-BY)
