The Geosystem by Complexity: A Review of the Geographical Spheres

Abstract

The definition and description of geographic spheres is basic on the Geosystems studies. By the classic propost of V. Sotchava and G. Bertrand the geographic spheres are described by the properties of homogenization and differentiation. However, the context of Complexity has destaced the organizational properties of the systems of nature, declared new considerations to the studies of dualities. Unlike the hegemony of exogenous factors and 'universal' forces and subjunctives to the local, the relevance now is also to observe the endogenous mechanisms, which, from local interactions are responsible for the emergencies of organizational levels, totalities, autonomies. This article intends discuss the description of the geographic spheres in dialogue with the organizational perspective of the Complexity. The argumentation was realized from the analysis and confrontation of the classical geossistems p=roposals with the new understandings; aspects related to the dualities of operation and delimitation of the geographical spheres. As result, the geographic spheres become constructed from internal-endogenous relationships, receiving external influences, but processed at local level, by the relations of local differentiations. The endogenous dynamics become the main responsible for the constitution and maintenance of the spatial homogeneities. The minimum units of analysis can consider the human and cultural as references for the delimitation of the geographical spheres.