Interpretação dos contratos de M&A/Interpretation of M&A Contracts

a inadequação dos cânones de direito privado/The Inadequacy of Private Law Canons

Autores

  • Alexandre Ginzel FDUSP

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.0102-8049.i182-183p%25p

Palavras-chave:

Interpretação contratual, redação contratual, fusões e aquisições, direito comparado, hermenêutica jurídica, direito e economia, Contract Interpretation, Contract Drafting, Mergers & Acquisitions, Comparative Law, Legel Hermeneutics, Law & Economics

Resumo

O presente artigo tem por objeto a interpretação dos contratos de M&A, assunto negligenciado pelos estudos de direito comercial no Brasil. Neste artigo, sustento a hipótese de que os contratos de M&A são dotados de características especiais e requerem uma metodologia específica de interpretação. Tais especificidades - como a natureza das partes contratantes, a proveniência da common law e a padronização das cláusulas –tornam os cânones de interpretação contratual expedientes metodológicos impróprios quando aplicados a esta classe de contratos. O artigo divide-se em quatro partes. Após breve introdução, na segunda parte, ancorado na interdependência entre sistema econômico e direito contratual, mostro a conveniência da utilização dos aportes da Análise Econômica do Direito (Law and Economics) para a interpretação do contrato no atual estágio do capitalismo e discorro sobre as especificidades estruturais e a função econômica dos contratos de M&A, com o escopo de ressaltar a sua singularidade em relação aos demais tipos contratuais e os problemas interpretativos que dele emergem. Na terceira parte, contraponho os cânones de interpretação vigentes nos sistemas de tradição romanística àqueles praticados nos países de common law, com o objetivo de questionar a adequação dos cânones interpretativos tradicionais para resolver os problemas típicos dos contratos de M&A. Na quarta parte, por fim, procuro extrair e sintetizar as principais conclusões com base nos argumentos desenvolvidos.

 

The present article aims to address the interpretation of M&A contracts, a topic that has been neglected in corporate law studies in Brazil. In this article, I argue that M&A contracts display special characteristics that require a specific methodology of interpretation. These specificities, such as the nature of the contracting parties, the influence of common law, and the standardization of clauses, render the canons of contractual interpretation inadequate when applied to this class of contracts. The article is divided into four parts. After a brief introduction, in the second part, relying on the interdependence between the economic system and contract law, I demonstrate the relevance of incorporating insights from Law and Economics in interpreting contracts in the current stage of capitalism. I also discuss the structural specificities and economic function of M&A contracts to highlight their uniqueness in comparison to other types of contracts and the interpretative issues that arise from them. In the third part, I compare the prevailing canons of interpretation in the systems of Romanistic tradition with those practiced in common law countries, aiming to question the adequacy of traditional interpretative canons in resolving the typical problems of M&A contracts. Finally, in the fourth part, I extract and summarize the main conclusions based on the arguments developed throughout the article.

Downloads

Os dados de download ainda não estão disponíveis.

Referências

AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION. Model Stock Purchase Agreement with Commentary. 2nd ed, 2010.

BEN-SHAHAR, Omri. The Tentative Case Against Flexibility in Commercial Law in University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 66, no. 03, 1999, pp. 781-820.

BETTI, Emilio. Teoria generale del negozio giuridico, in Trattato do Diritto Civile Italiano, diretta da Giorgio Vassalli, Torino: UTET, 1952.

BIANCA, Cesare M. Diritto Civile, III: Il Contratto. 2° ed. Milano: Giuffrè, 2000.

BREYER, Wolfgang; BUENO, Júlio César; GAUDET, Brian; JACKSON, Shy. What to the words mean: different approaches to the interpretation of contracts in The International Construction Law Review, vol. 36, no. 2. 2019.

BRUTTI, Massimo. Interpretare i contratti: la tradizione, le regole. Roma: G. Giappichelli, 2017.

BUSCHE, Jan. Münchener Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch, Band 5.1, 7. Auflage, München: C.H Beck, 2018.

CARTWRIGHT, John. Contract Law: an introduction to the English Law of Contract for the civil lawyer. 3rd ed. Oxford: Bloomsbury, 2016.

CHARNY, David. Hypothetical Bargains: The Normative Structure of Contract Interpretation in Michigan Law Review, vol. 89, no. 7, 1991, pp. 1815–1879.

COATES IV, John C. Contracts: Purposes, Types, Regulation, and Patterns of Practice in Harvard John M. Olin Discussion Paper Series, Paper No. 825, Apr. 2015.

COHEN, George M. Interpretation and implied terms in contract law in DE GEEST, Gerrit (ed.) Encyclopedia of Law and Economics: Contract Law and Economics, Vol. 6, 2nd ed. Cheltenham and Northampton: Elgar, 2011

DOUGLAS BERNHEIM, B.; WHINSTON, Michael D. Incomplete Contracts and Strategic Ambiguity in The American Economic Review, vol. 88, no. 04, 1998, pp. 902-932.

ENGELHARDT, Clemens. Mergers & Acquisitions: Strategien, Abläufe und Begriffe im Unternehmenskauf. Wiesbaden: Springer, 2017.

FERRI, Luigi. Lezioni sul contratto: corso di diritto civile, 2ª ed, Bologna: Zanichelli, 1982.

GALGANO, Francesco. Diritto Privato. 18° ed. Milano: CEDAM, 2019.

GILMORE, The Death of Contract, 2nd ed. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1995.

GOMES, Orlando. Contratos. 24ª ed. Rio de Janeiro, 2001.

GRAZIADEI, Michele. Comparative Law, Transplants and Receptions, in REIMANN, Mathias; ZIMMERMANN, Reinhard (Orgs). The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. 442-474.

HERMALIN, Benjamin; KATZ, Michael L. Judicial Modification of Contracts between Sophisticated Parties: A More Complete View of Incomplete Contracts and their Breach in Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, vol. 9, no.2, pp. 230–255.

HILL, Claire A.; KING, Christopher. How Do German Contracts Do as Much with Fewer Words?, vol. 79, Chicago-Kent Law Review, 2004, pp. 889-926.

KAPLOW, Louis; SHAVELL, Steven. Economic Analysis of Law in AUERBACH, Alan J,; FELDSTEIN, Martin (Editors) Handbook of Public Economics, vol. 3, Amsterdam, London and New York: Elsevier, 2002.

KLEIN, Benjamin; LEFFLER, Keith B. The Role of Market Forces in Assuring Contractual Performance, vol. 89, Journal of Political Economy, 1981, no. 04, pp. 615-641.

MAKOWSKI, Louis; OSTROY, Joseph M. Perfect Competition and the Creativity of the Market in Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 39, no. 2 (Jun., 2001), pp. 479-535

MARINO, Francisco Paulo De Crescenzo. Interpretação do negócio jurídico, São Paulo: Saraiva, 2011.

MESSINEO, Francesco. Dottrina generale del contratto, Milano: Giuffrè, 1946.

MOSCO, Luigi. Principi sulla interpretazioni dei negozi giuridici, Napoli: E. Jovene, 1952.

POSNER, Eric A. Parol Evidence Rule, the Plain Meaning Rule, and the Principles of Contractual Interpretation in University of Pennsylvania Law Review, vol. 146, no. 533, 1997, pp. 533-577.

POSNER, Richard. The Law and Economics of Contract Interpretation in Texas Law Review, vol. 83, no. 06, 2005, pp. 1581-1614.

ROPPO, Enzo. O contrato, traduzido por Ana Coimbra e M. Januário C. Gomes, Coimbra: Almedina, 2009.

SANTORO-PASSARELLI. Libertà e autorità nel diritto civile. Padova: CEDAM, 1997.

SAVIGNY, Friedrich Carl von. Sistema del diritto romano attuale, traduzione italiana di V. Scialoja, vols. I, III, Torino: 1990.

SCHWARTZ, Alan; SCOTT, Robert. E, Contract Theory and the Limits of Contract Law in Yale Law Journal, vol. 113, no. 541, 2003, pp. 541-618.

SCOTT, Robert E. Conflict and Cooperation in Long-Term Contracts, vol. 75, California Law Review (1987), pp. 2030-2034.

SHAVELL, Steven. On the Writing and Interpretation of Contracts in Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, vol. 22, no.2, 2006, pp. 289–314.

SNYDER, David V. Language and Formalities in Commercial Contracts: A Defense of Custom and Conduct in Southern Methodist University Law Review, Vol. 54, no. 02, 2001, pp. 617-654.

WATSON, Alan. Legal Transplants: an approach to Comparative Law. 2nd ed. Athens and London: University of Georgia Press, 1993.

Publicado

2021-08-01

Como Citar

Ginzel, A. (2021). Interpretação dos contratos de M&A/Interpretation of M&A Contracts: a inadequação dos cânones de direito privado/The Inadequacy of Private Law Canons. Revista De Direito Mercantil, 182/183, 195-242. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.0102-8049.i182-183p%p