Is it legitimate to explain in teleological terms in biology?

Abstract

In this paper, we advocate the legitimacy of explaining in teleological terms in biology, provided that this explanation is limited to the understanding of phenomena in living beings that are directed towards goals, such as physiological processes and behaviors. It is inadequate to explain teleologically other biological phenomena, such as evolution. Within the domain of validity of teleological explanations, functional explanations have particular importance in biology. We discuss here two approaches that can be followed to account for functional explanations, the etiological and the systemic, which we explain here based on the works of two influential philosophers of science, Wright and Cummins. We finally discuss the importance of an appropriate use of teleological explanations in biological education, both in higher education and in high school.