"I write this royal letter to my younger brother": the kingdom of Kongo and diplomatic correspondence with Portugal as a political tool (1780-1830)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9141.rh.2025.223159

Keywords:

Kongo, Literacy, Diplomacy, 18th century, 19th century

Abstract

This article deals with the diplomatic correspondence between the kingdom of Kongo and Portugal between the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. The research is based on the analysis of written documentation produced locally in Kongo, in the Portuguese and Angolan colonial archives. We will look at the correspondence of three Mani Kongos (Kongo kings) who left rich correspondence and held important debates with the governor of Angola and the Portuguese crown. The prism of diplomacy, the political uses of writing and the exchange of correspondence between Mbanza Kongo, Luanda and Lisbon will have the potential to make a transversal contribution to the debate on the sovereignty of African political entities and their transformations at the beginning of the 19th century.

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Author Biography

  • Thiago Sapede, Federal University of Bahia

    Doutor em História pela École des Hautes Études em Science Sociales de Paris e professor adjunto do departamento do História da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.

References

Documentação arquivística

Arquivo Nacional de Angola

Códices:

A-19-1, fl. 21-22, carta para o rei do Kongo, fl. 179.

A-19-1, fl. 187, carta para o rei do Kongo Dom Henrique.

A-19-1, fl. 21-23, carta para o rei do Kongo, 1794.

A-19-1, fl. 21-23, carta para o rei do Kongo, 1794.

A-19-1, fl. 21-24, carta para o rei do Kongo 1794.

A-19-1, 22-23, fl. 34-35.

, A-19-2, fl. 27.

A-19-2, fl. 144v-145, carta para Dom Garcia V (então príncipe de Quibangu), 1795.

A-19-2, fl. 144v, carta para Dom Garcia príncipe de Quibangu, 1975.

, A-19-3.

C-8-3 113-113v.

Caixas (avulsos)

ANA, Avulsos, Luanda, cx. 124.

Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (AHU), Lisboa

Fundo do conselho ultramarino (CU), Angola: caixas (avulsos):

cx. 68, doc. 92,32, Ofício dos membros do governo interino, 1784; e doc. 61, ofício dos membros da missão do Congo 1784.

cx. 68, doc. 92,32, cópia da carta enviada a D: Afonso V, 1784.

cx. 70, doc. 23, carta do bispo de Angola a Dom Afonso V do Kongo 1785.

cx. 70 doc. 8 e 25, Ofício do governador e capitão-general de Angola, barão de Moçâmedes, 1785 e carta de Dom Afonso anexa.

cx. 106, doc. 21, carta de Dom Garcia V, 1803.

cx. 128, doc. 5, carta de Dom Garcia V, 1814; cx. 130, doc. 113, Carta de Dom Garcia V, 1815.

cx. 130, doc.113, Carta de Dom Garcia V do Kongo 1815.

cx. 107, doc. 21; cx. 135, doc. 46.

Academia de Ciências de Lisboa (ACL)

MS vermelho., Viagem e missão de frei Rafael Castelo de Vide, fl. 296

Fontes Publicadas

ANONIMO. La Pratique Missionnaire des PP. Capucins dans les royaumes de Congo, Angola et contrées adjacentes, brièvement exposée pour éclairer et guider les missionnaires destinés à ces saintes missions: 1747. Louvain: AUCAM, 1931.

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Published

2025-03-12

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Section

Articles

How to Cite

SAPEDE, Thiago. "I write this royal letter to my younger brother": the kingdom of Kongo and diplomatic correspondence with Portugal as a political tool (1780-1830). Revista de História, São Paulo, n. 184, p. 1–29, 2025. DOI: 10.11606/issn.2316-9141.rh.2025.223159. Disponível em: https://revistas.usp.br/revhistoria/article/view/223159. Acesso em: 31 jan. 2026.