As cláusulas de primazia e supremacia do Direito Comunitário Europeu e sua aplicação no ordenamento jurídico da República da Lituânia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2318-8235.v112i0p303-322Palavras-chave:
Primazia do direito da União Europeia, Competências da União Europeia e dos Estados Membros, Controle judicial da Corte Europeia de Justiça e das Cortes da República da Lituânia.Resumo
As cláusulas de primazia e de supremacia do direito comunitário europeu são um dos principais temas concernentes à relação entre este direito e o direito nacional da República da Lituânia. Parece que estes assuntos não foram definitivamente pacificados quando da elaboração da emenda ao Tratado de Lisboa, o qual emendou o Tratado da União Europeia, quando este entrou em vigor. Durante esse período, mudanças significativas ocorreram nos Estados-Membros, em relação à aplicação interna dos princípios da primazia e da supremacia do direito comunitário europeu. O direito lituano também experimentou esse desenvolvimento nessa esfera.
A Corte Europeia de Justiça desenvolveu o significado de princípio da primazia, que significa que o direito comunitário europeu deve ter precedência sobre o direito nacional (inclusive em matéria constitucional) e que, em caso de conflitos entre o direito comunitário europeu e o direito interno, cada corte nacional é obrigada a aplicar aquele direito. A análise comparativa da jurisprudência da Corte Constitucional da Lituânia aponta em sentido contrário ao da jurisprudência da Corte Europeia de Justiça, o que pode causar conflitos jurisdicionais na definição do direito da União Europeia baseado em termos constitucionais.
Este artigo inclui alguns exemplos relevantes da aplicação do direito da União Europeia que surgem de regras preliminares do art. 267 do Tratado de Funcionamento da União Europeia na práxis da Corte Constitucional da Lituânia e nas demais cortes daquele país.
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