As exceções preliminares no caso Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Colombia)

Autores

  • Federico Travan Universidade de Roma. Faculdade de Direito

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2318-8235.v117p645-682

Palavras-chave:

Corte Internacional de Justiça, Nicarágua v. Colômbia, Exceções preliminares, Objeto e existência da controvérsia, Execução de sentença antecedente da Corte, Aplicações teóricas do direito e decisão «prático-política».

Resumo

O trabalho consiste em uma discussão sobre os principais problemas relativos às «exceções preliminares» no contexto do caso Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Colombia) perante a Corte Internacional de Justiça. Em primeiro lugar, analisam-se as três questões preliminares mais problemáticas: a exata definição do objeto da controvérsia; a existência de um «poder inerente» à Corte capaz de fundamentar a competência para decidir uma controvérsia relativa à execução de uma sentença própria antecedente; por fim, a existência da controvérsia. Na análise destes problemas, considera-se que alguns argumentos jurídicos, não menos rigorosos nem menos válidos do que aqueles que a Corte acolheu, poderiam levar a uma decisão exatamente oposta àquela da sentença sobre as exceções preliminares de 17 de março de 2016, com a qual a Corte tinha acertado a própria «competência» para decidir o caso. Argumentos diferentes, igualmente válidos do ponto de vista teórico, teriam levado a uma pronúncia de «inadmissibilidade da demanda», com a consequência que não teria ocorrido nem a análise do mérito do processo, nem a condenação da Colômbia por meio da sentença de 21 de abril de 2022. Conclui-se demonstrando a inevitável «não univocidade» da aplicação do direito como «técnica pura», e sustenta-se a tese de que foi por causa do cálculo dos efeitos «práticos» da própria decisão que a Corte privilegiou alguns argumentos e não outros. Vê-se uma expressão, no caso concreto, da phronesis aristotélica. As «escolhas» da Corte parecem representar, enfim, o efeito de uma «vontade» que se poderia definir lato sensu «política».

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Biografia do Autor

  • Federico Travan, Universidade de Roma. Faculdade de Direito

    Doutorando em Direito Internacional na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Roma La Sapienza. Junior Visiting Fellow no Institut de Hautes Études Internationales et du Développement, Genève.

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Publicado

2023-02-15

Edição

Seção

Trabalhos Acadêmicos de Pós-Graduação

Como Citar

As exceções preliminares no caso Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Colombia). (2023). Revista Da Faculdade De Direito, Universidade De São Paulo, 117, 645-682. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2318-8235.v117p645-682