Análise histológica de lesão medular tratada com membrana amniótica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.rmrp.2025.222620Palavras-chave:
Lesão medular, Membrana amniótica, Biomaterial, Cicatrização, Medicina regenerativaResumo
A lesão medular (LM) é uma das síndromes mais prejudiciais que afeta os humanos como consequência da destruição neuronal e da interrupção da transmissão do impulso nervoso entre os axônios. A condução das respostas motoras, sensoriais e autonômicas abaixo do nível da lesão fica gravemente comprometida, gerando custos elevados de tratamento para o sistema de saúde, com redução da qualidade de vida, estimulando pesquisas por novos protocolos de tratamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de um biomaterial, a membrana amniótica (MA), no tratamento da LM induzida experimentalmente. 15 ratos adultos foram divididos em três grupos (n = 5): S (Sham), L (LM sem tratamento) e AM (LM tratado com MA). A lesão medular foi induzida na região T9-T10, por trauma direto, pela queda livre de um peso (10 g, borda plana de 2 mm) preso em uma mini guilhotina acima da medula espinhal exposta. Um fragmento de MA, obtido de placenta humana após consentimento materno, foi aplicado na área lesionada apenas no grupo AM. Após 28 dias, os espécimes da área da lesão medular foram excisados e submetidos a procedimentos histológicos de rotina. Os dados do escore semi quantitativo, obtidos a partir de esquema que atribuu diferentes escores às áreas da medula espinhal, e da análise quantitativa foram submetidos a testes estatísticos não paramétricos e paramétricos. Os resultados revelaram que o Grupo S apresentou tecido medular sem alterações (escore 0), enquanto o Grupo L apresentou numerosas áreas de cavitação nas regiões dorsal e lateral da substância branca e cinzenta (escore 10,0, p≤0,001) com intenso infiltrado inflamatório. O grupo AM exibiu pequenas áreas de cavitação nas regiões dorsal e lateral da substância branca e em parte das colunas dorsais, na substância cinzenta (escore 1,8, p≤0,001), com poucas células inflamatórias. Os resultados sugerem a eficácia da MA no tratamento da LM induzida, caracterizada pela redução na evolução dos processos inflamatórios e degenerativos no tecido nervoso central em comparação ao grupo não tratado.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Débora Campos Chaves Chaves, Leonardo Borges de Lima, Luciana Barros Sant'Anna, Mario Oliveira Lima, Emilia Angela Loschiavo Arisawa
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
