Elements for diagnosis of the acute abdomen

Abstract

The present review shows that a detailed anamnesis of the current episode and the previous clinical history, as well as an efficient physical examination, continue to be the main elements for the detection of an acute abdomen and for the diagnosis of the respective cause. It also indicates that, for a better performance, the physician should have good anatomical knowledge and should always keep in mind the countless causes an acute abdomen may have. The main laboratory tests and imaging exams (radiographic, ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance) are pointed out as precious elements for the physician to be able to complete a definitive diagnosis. It should be emphasized that the complementary tests requested and their interpretation should be guided by a well conducted clinical observation. In view of the possible severity of an acute abdomen, good therapeutic results will depend on the precision of the diagnosis and on the rapid execution of the appropriate procedures for the solution of the problem.