Problem-based learning

Abstract

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method in which the learning topics are identified on the basis of the presentation of a real or simulated problem. Once the problem has been presented, the student develops the means to solve it and in this process identifies gaps in his knowledge, which he tries to fill with the help of available instruction resources. The major characteristic of this method is to develop the student’s abilities to direct his own learning, to integrate information and to identify and explore new areas. This method is ideally applicable to student-based self-directed learning. The successful use of the PBL method depends on a series of prerequisite  which may affect the form of implantation and the feasibility of the method. Examples of the requirements for the implantation of the PBL method are the need for a space in the curricular schedule for student self-learning, the need to review the role of the teacher in the teaching-learning process, review of the concept of departmental autonomy, changes in student selection criteria, and financial investments in the infrastructure. Some medical schools use the PBL method in an exclusive manner for every student training, where as others use it for some student groups, and still others use it in segments of the traditional curriculum. Thus, ii the application of this method is contemplated for the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, it would be advisable first to limit it to certain teaching units or segments of the current curricular structure. A judicious evaluation of the results would then determine the convenience of a broader use of the method.