Uber use after alcohol consumption among car/motorcycle drivers in ten Brazilian capitals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057005147Palavras-chave:
Alcohol Drinking, Driving Under the InfluenceResumo
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure the proportion of Uber use instead of drinking and driving in ten Brazilian capitals, in 2019. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was developed in ten Brazilian capitals. Data were collected in agglomeration points (AP) and sobriety checkpoints (SC). Based on responses to a standardized questionnaire, the proportion of drivers who used Uber instead of drinking and driving was measured for total sample of each methodology and stratified by municipality, age group, gender, education level, and type of vehicle. Fisher’s exact test was used to make comparisons between the strata. RESULTS: A total of 8,864 drivers were interviewed. The most used means of transport to replace driving after drinking alcohol was the Uber system (AP: 54.6%; 95%CI: 51.2–58.0. SC: 58.6%; 95%CI: 55.2–61.9). Most of these users were aged from 18 to 29 years, women, with at least one higher education degree. According to the AP methodology, the highest magnitude of this indicator was found in Vitória (ES) (71.0%; 95%CI: 63.5–77.5), whereas the lowest was observed in Teresina (PI) (33.1%; 95%CI: 22.7–45.5). According to the SC methodology, the highest magnitude of the indicator was also found in Vitória (ES) (78.3%; 95%CI: 68.8–85.5), whereas the lowest was observed in Boa Vista (RR) (36.6%; 95%CI: 26.8–47.7). CONCLUSION: In Brazilian capitals, the study showed higher proportions of Uber use instead of drinking and driving. This type of scientific evidence on factors associated with road traffic injuries presents the potential to guide public health interventions.
Referências
World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
Rios PA, Mota EL, Ferreira LN, Cardoso JP, Ribeiro VM, Souza BS. Fatores associados a acidentes de trânsito entre condutores de veículos: achados de um estudo de base populacional. Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Mar;25(3):943-55. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020253.1192201
Naci H, Chisholm D, Baker TD. Distribution of road traffic deaths by road user group: a global comparison. Inj Prev. 2009 Feb;15(1):55-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2008.018721
Degenhardt L, Charlson F, Ferrari A, Santomauro D, Erskine H, Mantilla-Herrara A, et al. The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and drug use in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018 Dec;5(12):987-1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30337-7
World Health Organization; United Nations Children’s Fund. United Nations Population Fund; World Bank. Stratégie mondiale visant à reduire l’usage nocif de l’alcool. Geneve: World Health Organization; 2010. p. 5-28.
Malta DC, Bernal RT, Silva AG, Lima CM, Machado IE, Silva MM. Tendência temporal da prevalência de indicadores relacionados à condução de veículos motorizados após o consumo de bebida alcoólica, entre os anos de 2007 e 2018. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2020;23 suppl 1:23. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200012.supl.1
Brasil. Lei No 11.705, de 19 de junho de 2008. Altera a Lei no 9.503, de 23 de setembro de 1997, que ‘institui o Código de Trânsito Brasileiro’, e a Lei no 9.294, de 15 de julho de 1996, que dispõe sobre as restrições ao uso e à propaganda de produtos fumígeros, bebidas alcoólicas, medicamentos, terapias e defensivos agrícolas, nos termos do § 4o do art. 220 da Constituição Federal, para inibir o consumo de bebida alcoólica por condutor de veículo automotor, e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial União. 2008 June 20.
Malta DC, Soares Filho AM. Montenegro MMS, Mascarenhas MDM, Silva MMA, Lima CM, et al. Análise da mortalidade por acidentes de transporte terrestre antes e após a Lei Seca - Brasil, 2007-2009. Epidemiol Serviços Saúde. 2010;19(4):317-28. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742010000400002
Brasil. Lei No 12.760, de 20 de dezembro de 2012. Altera a Lei nº 9.503, de 23 de setembro de 1997, que institui o Código de Trânsito Brasileiro. Diário Oficial União. 2012 Dec 21.
Shults RA, Elder RW, Sleet DA, Nichols JL, Alao MO, Carande-Kulis VG, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. Am J Prev Med. 2001 Nov;21(4 Suppl):66-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00381-6
Viegas CMAR, Letra LHVS. A licitude dos serviços de transporte prestados pelo aplicativo UBER. Cad Prog Pós-Grad Direito. 2016 Aug;11(1). https://doi.org/10.22456/2317-8558.61921
Nancy Andrighi F. Uber: a regulação de aplicativos de intermediação de contrato de transporte*. Rev Direito Adm. 2016;271:409-16. https://doi.org/10.12660/rda.v271.2016.60773
Antônio L, Coelho A, Andréa L, Silva S, Andrade MO, Maia ML. Perfil socioeconômico dos usuários da Uber e fatores relevantes que influenciam a avaliação desse serviço no Brasil. J Econ Surv. 2018;17(23):545-77.
Martins MG, Nascimento MT, Machado RM. Os novos serviços na sociedade da informação: o caso do Uber na cidade de São Paulo. Sci Iuris. 2005 Jul;21(2):154-81. https://doi.org/10.5433/2178-8189.2017v21n2p154
Uber. Fatos e dados sobre a Uber. Uber Newsroom. 2022 [cited 2022 May 29];1-14. Available from: https://www.uber.com/pt-BR/newsroom/fatos-e-dados-sobre-uber/
Esteves LA. Uber: o mercado de transporte individual de passageiros — regulação, externalidades e equilíbrio urbano. Rev Direito Adm. 2016;270:325-61. https://doi.org/10.12660/rda.v270.2015.58746
Brazil N, Kirk DS. Uber and metropolitan traffic fatalities in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2016 Aug;184(3):192-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kww062
Martin-Buck F. Driving safety: an empirical analysis of ridesharing’s impact on drunk driving and alcohol-related crime. J Health Econ. 2016.
Fell JC, Scolese J, Achoki T, Burks C, Goldberg A, DeJong W. The effectiveness of alternative transportation programs in reducing impaired driving: A literature review and synthesis. J Safety Res. 2020 Dec;75:128-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2020.09.001
Young M, Allen J, Farber S. Measuring when Uber behaves as a substitute or supplement to transit: an examination of travel-time differences in Toronto. J Transp Geogr. 2020;82:102629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102629.
Morrison CN, Jacoby SF, Dong B, Delgado MK, Wiebe DJ. Ridesharing and motor vehicle crashes in 4 US cities: an interrupted time-series analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Feb;187(2):224-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx233
Dills AK, Mulholland SE. Ride‐sharing, fatal crashes, and crime. South Econ J. 2018;84(4):965-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12255
Brazil N, Kirk D. Ridehailing and alcohol-involved traffic fatalities in the United States: The average and heterogeneous association of uber. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238744
Barrios JM, Hochberg Y V, Yi H. The cost of convenience: ridesharing and traffic fatalities. Chicago: Becker Friedman Institute; 2018.
Barreto Y, Silveira Neto RM, Carazza L. Uber and traffic safety: evidence from Brazilian cities. J Urban Econ. 2021
Morais Neto OL, Silva MM, Lima CM, Malta DC. Silva Junior. JB Da. Projeto Vida no Trânsito: avaliação das ações em cinco capitais brasileiras, 2011-2012 Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2013;22(3):373-82. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742013000300002
De Boni R, Diemen L, Duarte PC, Bumaguin DB, Hilgert JB, Bozzetti MC, et al. Regional differences associated with drinking and driving in Brazil. Br J Psychiatry. 2012 Oct;34(3):306-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbp.2012.02.003
Campos VR, Salgado R, Rocha MC, Duailibi S, Laranjeira R. Beber e dirigir: características de condutores com bafômetro positivo. Arch Clin Psychiatry. 2012;39(5):166-71. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832012000500004
Pechansky F, Duarte PC, De Boni R, Leukefeld CG, Diemen L, Bumaguin DB, et al. Predictors of positive Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) in a sample of Brazilian drivers. Br J Psychiatry. 2012 Oct;34(3):277-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbp.2012.06.002
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde: 2013 [cited 2022 Sep 14]. Available from: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/saude/29540-2013-pesquisa-nacional-de-saude.html?=&t=downloads
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde: 2019 [cited 2022 Sep 14]. Available from: http://www.pns.icict.fiocruz.br/arquivos/Portaria.pdf
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Análise em Saíde e Vigilância de Doenças Não Transmissíveis. Vigitel Brasil 2019: vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico: estimativas sobre frequência e distribuição sociodemográfica de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas nas capitais dos 26 estados. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde; 2020.
Gledec M. Presence of alcohol in croatian road traffic. In: International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety Conference. International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety; 2000.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Estrategia mundial para reducir el uso nocivo del alcohol. Ginebra: Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2010.
Organização Mundial da Saúde. Relatório global sobre o estado da segurança viária 2015. Genebra: Organização Mundial da Saúde; 2015.
Ministério da Infraestrutura (BR). Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes. Álcool e direção: uma mistura que não acaba bem. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Infraestrutura; 2019.
Young M, Farber S. The who, why, and when of Uber and other ride-hailing trips: an examination of a large sample household travel survey. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract. 2019;119:383-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.11.018
Uber. Decide to ride. São Paulo: Uber; 2022 [cited 2022 Jan 10]. Available from:
https://www.uber.com/us/en/u/reasons-to-ride/
Teutsch SM, Geller A, Negussie Y, editors. Getting to zero alcohol-impaired driving fatalities: a comprehensive approach to a persistent problem. Getting to Zero alcohol-impaired driving fatalities: a comprehensive approach to a persistent problem. National Academies Press; 2018.
Brazil N, Kirk D. Ridehailing and alcohol-involved traffic fatalities in the United States: the average and heterogeneous association of uber. PLoS One. 2020 Sep;15(9):e0238744. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238744
Tirachini A, del Río M. Ride-hailing in Santiago de Chile: Users’ characterisation and effects on travel behaviour. Transp Policy. 2019;82:46-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.07.008
Aquino ÉC, Antunes JL,Morais OL. Mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito no Brasil (2000-2016): capitais versus não capitais. Rev Saude Publica. 2020;54:54. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001703
Choi NG, DiNitto DM, Marti CN. Risk factors for self-reported driving under the influence of alcohol and/or illicit drugs among older adults. Gerontologist. 2016 Apr;56(2):282-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu070
Machin MA, Sankey KS. Relationships between young drivers’ personality characteristics, risk perceptions, and driving behaviour. Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Mar;40(2):541-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.08.010
Guimarães RA, Morais Neto OL. Prevalence and factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol in Brazil: an analysis by macroregion. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan;17(3):767. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030767
Andrade SM, Soares DA, Braga GP, Moreira JH, Botelho FM. Comportamentos de risco para acidentes de trânsito: um inquérito entre estudantes de medicina na região sul do Brasil. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2003;49(4):439-44.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-42302003000400038
Ladeira RM, Malta DC, Morais Neto OL, Montenegro MMS, Soares Filho AM, Vasconcelos CH, et al. Acidentes de transporte terrestre: estudo Carga Global de Doenças, Brasil e unidades federadas, 1990 e 2015. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2017 May;20(suppl 1):157-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201700050013
Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Saha TD, Chou SP, Jung J, Zhang H, et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol use disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions III. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Aug;72(8):757-66.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584
Meloni JN, Laranjeira R. Custo social e de saúde do consumo do álcool. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2004;26 suppl 1:7-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462004000500003
Thompson A, Wright AK, Ashcroft DM, van Staa TP, Pirmohamed M. Epidemiology of alcohol dependence in UK primary care: results from a large observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. PLoS One. 2017 Mar;12(3):e0174818. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174818
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Érika Carvalho de Aquino, Otaliba Libânio de Morais Neto
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
