Adversidades no período intrauterino e neonatal interferem na inteligência?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2025059006206Palavras-chave:
Retardo no Crescimento Fetal, Fatores Socioeconômicos, InteligênciaResumo
Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do retardo no crescimento intrauterino e da situação socioeconômica de nascimento no desenvolvimento intelectual.
Métodos: Estudo realizado com 313 participantes de uma coorte de nascimentos de São Luís, Maranhão, avaliados ao nascerem e entre 18 a 19 anos. Utilizando modelagem de equações estruturais, as variáveis do nascimento e primeiros anos de vida (idade materna, escolaridade materna, escolaridade paterna, ocupação do chefe da família, renda familiar, ganho de peso materno gestacional, retardo no crescimento intrauterino, baixo peso ao nascer e tempo de aleitamento materno) e a escolaridade aos 18 e 19 anos foram testadas como determinantes do quociente de inteligência aos 18 e 19 anos.
Resultados: O retardo no crescimento intrauterino não apresentou efeito total (p-valor = 0,957), direto (p-valor = 0,184) ou indireto (p-valor=0,108) sobre o quociente de inteligência aos 18 e 19 anos. A situação socioeconômica no nascimento apresentou efeito total positivo de 0,406 desvio-padrão (p-valor < 0,001) sobre sua média, correspondendo a elevação de 4,54 pontos no quociente a cada elevação do nível socioeconômico no nascimento. Esse efeito não foi mediado pelas demais variáveis explanatórias inclusas no modelo, contudo, identificou-se efeito direto positivo de 0,416 (p-valor < 0,001) da situação socioeconômica sobre a escolaridade, que apresentou correlação positiva (CP = 0,439; p-valor < 0,001) com a inteligência. A idade materna no nascimento também apresentou efeito positivo direto de 0,116 desvio-padrão (p-valor = 0,042) sobre a média do quociente de inteligência aos 18 e 19 anos, correspondendo ao incremento de 1,30 pontos no quociente a cada elevação de 1 ano na idade materna no nascimento.
Conclusão: Maiores níveis socioeconômicos no nascimento geraram efeito positivo direto de longo prazo sobre a inteligência e escolaridade do participante, elevando a média do QI e o nível de escolaridade aos 18 e 19 anos. Identificou-se também correlação positiva entre as duas variáveis.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Cecilia Claudia Costa Ribeiro de Almeida, Vanda Maria Ferreira Simões, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva, Janielle Ferreira de Brito Lima, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Liliana Yanet Gómez Aristizábal
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