Secular trends in maternal and child health care in S. Paulo city, Brazil(1984-1996)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Two consecutive household surveys undertaken in mid-80s and mid-90s in the city of S. Paulo, Brazil, made possible to establish time trends of several child health determinants and indicators as well as to analyse the relationships among them. The study intends to report trends in maternal and child health care. METHODS: Random samples of the population aged from zero to 59 months were studied: 1,016 children in the period of 1984-85 and 1,280 children in 1995-96. Both surveys investigated three components of maternal and child health care: prenatal care, delivery and newborn care and routine health care provided to children up to five years of age (including development follow-up and vaccination). RESULTS: Favourable changes seen in the period between the two surveys were the continuing universal birth coverage, significant increase in rooming-in in maternity hospitals and the number of routine visits for babies in their first year of life and, particularly, the universal outreach of the DPT, measles and tuberculosis vaccinations. Unfavourable trends were seen regarding the slight and clearly insufficient growth of prenatal care, the still high percentage (of near 50%) of cesarean sections, and the limited routine visits for children after their first year of age. CONCLUSIONS: Estimates in the same period for the outreach of maternal and child health care in other urban areas of Brazil reinforce the unsatisfactory trends of the prenatal care in S. Paulo. Favourable comparisons are only seen regarding the outreach of child vaccination. The influence that changes in the maternal and child health care provided in the city may have exerted on several child health indicators is examined in subsequent articles.