Fatores de risco associados a náuseas e vômitos induzidos por quimioterapia antineoplásica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002178Palabras clave:
Antineoplásicos, efeitos adversos, Náusea, Vômito, prevenção & controle, Antieméticos, Neoplasias, terapia. Estudos de CoortesResumen
OBJETIVO: Estimar a incidência e avaliar os fatores de risco para náuseas e vômitos induzidos por antineoplásicos com alto e moderado potencial emético em pacientes adultos, no primeiro ciclo de tratamento. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectiva, com 269 adultos acompanhados durante o primeiro ciclo de quimioterapia antineoplásica. A incidência de náuseas e vômitos foi avaliada na fase aguda (0–24 horas), na fase tardia (24 horas–5º dia) e na fase total (0–5º dia). RESULTADOS: 152 pacientes foram submetidos a quimioterápico com alto potencial emético e 117 a moderado potencial emético. A frequência relativa de náuseas foi maior quando comparada à de vômitos na fase aguda (p < 0,001) e na fase tardia (p < 0,001). Os fatores de risco identificados foram: faixa etária ≤ 49 anos (odds ratio = 0,47; IC95% 0,23–0,95) e 50–64 anos (odds ratio = 0,45; IC95% 0,23–0,87), uso de tabaco (odds ratio = 0,35; IC95% 0,14–0,88) e alto potencial emético dos quimioterápicos (odds ratio 0,55; IC95% 0,31–0,95). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de náuseas foi maior do que a de vômitos, e na fase tardia os efeitos adversos foram mais frequentes. Os resultados sugerem que os fatores de risco para náuseas e vômitos induzidos por quimioterapia são o tabaco, a idade (adultos jovens) e o alto potencial emético do quimioterápico.
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