Attitude and perception towards vaccination against poliomyelitis in Peshawar, Pakistan

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003478

Palavras-chave:

Poliomyelitis, prevention & control, Poliovirus Vaccines, Vaccination Refusal, Vaccination Coverage, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

Resumo

OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to quantitatively assess the general public's awareness, attitude and perception of polio and its vaccination in Peshawar KPK, Pakistan. METHODS: We conducted a survey-based study to understand the surge in polio cases from 2015 to 2019 in the Peshawar city of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A pre-tested questionnaire-based study was conducted in 2019 to assess the attitude and general perception of residents of Peshawar KPK towards polio vaccination. RESULTS: Out of 241 country-wide polio cases, 63 (26.1%) polio cases were reported in Peshawar city from 2015–2019. The questionnaire revealed that individuals between 18–30 years of age had sufficient knowledge (65.1%) about polio. Male and female participants had equal awareness (~ 43%). Participants with higher education (45.9%), those with better financial status (49.5%), individuals with children < 5 years of age (46.4%), and those who had experience of a polio patient (63.1%) had better knowledge. Participants inhabiting the central city were better aware (50.5%) of polio than individuals living in the outskirts. CONCLUSION: The data indicated that poor knowledge and negative attitudes of people towards polio vaccination are the main causes of the polio eradication program's failure. Moreover, religious beliefs, unchecked migration between the Pak-Afghan border, and lack of knowledge about polio vaccination are identified as critical barriers to polio eradication.

Referências

Brandão LGP, Brasil PEAA, Oliveira SW, Silva EE, Lopes GS. Seronegativity to polio viruses among previously immunised adult candidates to solid organ transplantation. Braz J Infect Dis. 2018;22(2):150-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2018.02.003

Khan MU, Ahmad A, Aqeel T, Salman S, Ibrahim Q, Idrees J, et al. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards polio immunisation among residents of two highly affected regions of Pakistan. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2471-1

Angez M, Shaukat S, Alam MM, Sharif S, Khurshid A, Zaidi SS. Genetic relationships and epidemiological links between wild type 1 poliovirus isolates in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Virol J. 2012;9:51. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-51

Vecchia AD, Fleck JD, Comerlato J, Kluge M, Bergamaschi B, Da Silva JV, et al. First description of Adenovirus, Enterovirus, Rotavirus and Torque teno virus in water samples collected from the Arroio Dilúvio, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Braz J Biol. 2012;72(2):323-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842012000200013

Tundisi JG, Garcia JA, Matsumura-Tundisi T, Tundisi JEM, Patrizzi LJ, Ghiglieno F. Monitoring wastewater for assessing community health in cities: perspectives and a proposal. Braz J Biol. 2020;80(4):946-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.242529

Verma AA, Jimenez MP, Tangermann RH, Subramanian SV, Razak F. Insecurity, polio vaccination rates, and polio incidence in northwest Pakistan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(7):1593-8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711923115

Shah SZ, Saad M, Khattak MH, Rizwan M, Haidari A, Idrees F. “Why we could not eradicate polio from Pakistan and how can we?” J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2016;28(2):423-5.

Mohiuddin H, Godil A, Hafiz MY. Triumph over adversity: Pakistan's successes against polio. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(1):e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30134-6

Murakami H, Kobayashi M, Hachiya M, Khan ZS, Hassan SQ, Sakurada S. Refusal of oral polio vaccine in northwestern Pakistan: a qualitative and quantitative study. Vaccine. 2014;32(12):1382-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.018

Kabir M, Afzal MS. Epidemiology of polio virus infection in Pakistan and possible risk factors for its transmission. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2016;9(11):1044-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.09.006

Alam MM, Shaukat S, Sharif S, Angez M, Khurshid A, Malik F, et al. Detection of multiple cocirculating wild poliovirus type 1 lineages through environmental surveillance: impact and progress during 2011–2013 in Pakistan. J Infect Dis. 2014;210 Suppl 1:S324-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu160

Khan AW, Ali S, Ali SS. Pakistan as a major obstacle in global end to poliomyelitis program: background and 2016 update. Braz J Infect Dis. 2016;20(5):518-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2016.07.009

Wadood MZ. Polio eradication in Pakistan: not as far as it seems. J Postgrad Med Inst (Peshawar, PK). 2014;28(4):349-52.

Pakistan: National: provinces and major cities: population statistics, maps, charts, weather and Web information [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.citypopulation.de/en/pakistan/

STROBE - Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology. Bern (CH): University of Bern, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine; c2021 [cited 2008 Apr 1]. Available from: https://www.strobe-statement.org/index.php?id=strobe-home

Pakistan: Polio outbreak – May 2019. New York: Reliefweb, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA); c2021 [cited 2021 Feb 1]. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/disaster/ep-2019-000116-pak

Pakistan Polio Eradication Programme. Polio cases in provinces. WPV Polio cases across Pakistan's provinces. Islamabad (PK): National Emergency Operations Centre; 2021 [cited 2021 Jan 14]. Available from: http://www.endpolio.com.pk/polioin-pakistan/polio-cases-in-provinces

Ahmad S, Babar MS, Ahmadi A, Essar MY, Khawaja UA, Lucero-Prisno III DE. Polio amidst COVID-19 in Pakistan: what are the efforts being made and challenges at hand? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;104(2):446-8. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1438

Ali M, Ahmad N, Khan H, Ali S, Akbar F, Hussain Z. Polio vaccination controversy in Pakistan. Lancet. 2019;394(10202):915-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32101-4

Farag NH, Alexander J, Hadler S, Quddus A, Durry E, Wadood MZ, et al. Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication––Afghanistan and Pakistan, January 2013 - August 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63(43):973-7.

Uthman OA, Adedokun ST, Olukade T, Watson S, Adetokunboh O, Adeniran A, et al. Children who have received no routine polio vaccines in Nigeria: who are they and where do they live? Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017;13(9):2111-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1336590

Greene SA, Ahmed J, Datta SD, Burns CC, Quddus A, Vertefeuille JF, et al. Progress toward polio eradication––worldwide, January 2017–March 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(20):458-62.

Habib MA, Soofi SB, Ali N, Hussain I, Tabassum F, Suhag Z, et al. Knowledge and perceptions of polio and polio immunisation in polio high-risk areas of Pakistan. J Public Health Policy. 2017;38(1):16-36. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-016-0056-6

Hussain SF, Boyle P, Patel P, Sullivan R. Eradicating polio in Pakistan: an analysis of the challenges and solutions to this security and health issue. Global Health. 2016;12(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-016-0195-3

Lorenz C, Khalid M. Influencing factors on vaccination uptake in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012;62(1):59-61.

Waheed Y. Polio eradication challenges in Pakistan. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24(1):6-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2017.09.008

Khan MU, Ahmad A, Salman S, Ayub M, Aqeel T, Haq NU, et al. Muslim scholars’ knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers towards polio immunisation in Pakistan. J Relig Health. 2017;56(2):635-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0308-6

Azeem M. Capital's polio vaccination drive suffers after Peshawar incident. Dawn (Karachi, PK). [cited 2019 April 24]. Available from: https://www.dawn.com/news/1478009/capitals-polio-vaccination-drive-suffers-after-peshawar-incident

Lamble L. Killings of police and polio workers halt Pakistan vaccine drive, 30 April, 2019. The Guardian (International Ed). [cited 2019 April 30]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/apr/30/killings-of-police-and-polio-workers-halt-vaccine-drive-in-pakistan

Bham SQ, Saeed F, Shah MA. Routine immunisation in children and unsatisfactory polio campaigns; a cross-sectional survey conducted at Darul Sehat Hosp, Karachi. Ann Abbasi Shaheed Hosp Karachi Med Dent Coll. 2016;21(1):29-36.

Publicado

2021-12-08

Edição

Seção

Artigos Originais

Como Citar

Shafique, F., ul Hassan, M., Nayab, H., Asim, N., Akbar, N., Shafi, N., Manzoor, S., van Eeden, F., & Ali, S. (2021). Attitude and perception towards vaccination against poliomyelitis in Peshawar, Pakistan. Revista De Saúde Pública, 55, 104. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003478