Epidemiologic profile of children involved in bullying

Abstract

Bullying is characterized by negative actions (physical, verbal or psychological aggressions) suffered by a student repeatedly over time, by one or more students, and there should be an imbalance of power between the aggressor and the victim. There are numerous consequences of this practice for both the victim and the offender, such as learning dif

ficulties, poor school performance, decreased self-esteem, suicidal ideation and even suicide attempts. There is an increased incidence of bullying phenomenon in several countries in recent decades, including in our country. The aim of this study is to map the incidence of bullying reported in the literature, and outline an epidemiological profile of both the aggressor and the victim. The prevalence of bullying in different countries and in Brazil reaches alarming levels. Over the past 10 years, the prevalence of bullying in the United States have remained relatively stable, around 40%. Similar prevalence is observed in European countries and in Latin American countries, like Colombia. In Brazil, the prevalence of bullying is a bit lower, however, there is an increase in prevalence between 2005 and 2011, with a tendency to reach the levels seen in foreign literature. Regarding the sex of the aggressor, most studies show that boys are more involved in physical bullying and girls, with verbal and indirect bullying. Regarding psychological characteristics, the typical victim is the one with little ability to socialize, shy, reserved and with low self-esteem. The abuser has in his personality traits of disrespect and aggression, and has a tendency to criminal offenses in adulthood. The consequences of bullying have the potential to devastate the lives of young and adult individuals. Both victims and perpetrators must be identified and supported with specific and effective policies.