The consumption of psychoactive substances among older adults: a complex perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad.2021.174432Keywords:
Aged, Drug Users, Health of the Older Adults, NursingAbstract
Objective: to describe the pattern of consumption of psychoactive substances among older adults from the perspective of complexity. Method: a qualitative survey of the multiple-case study type, carried out with eleven older adults at their homes and/or at a health service; data was collected through documents, unsystematic observation and semi-structured interview; they were analyzed in a general, analytical and theoretical way by comparing the cases; its theoretical axis was complexity, being approved by the research ethics committee. Results: regarding the pattern of consumption of psychoactive substances, two themes were found: encounter with the substance, which identified older adults using legal and illegal substances, and forms of consumption; consequences and motivations of drug use and/or abandonment. Consequences are material/economic losses and crime, and motivations for socialization and escape from stress/anxiety. The older adults who stopped or reduced their consumption adhered to the harm reduction strategy. Conclusion: the consumption of psychoactive substances by older adults was evidenced, with space for the success of health/nursing interventions, with the creation of actions/programs with a specific approach to harm reduction.
Downloads
References
Zinberg N. Drug, set and setting: the basis for controlled intoxicant use. New Haven: Yale University Press (YUP); 1984.
Tevik K, Selbaeki G, Engedal K, Seim A, Krokstad S, Helvik AS. Use of alcohol and drugs with addiction potential among older women and men in a population-based study. The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 2006-2008 (HUNT3). PLoS One. 2017; 12(9):e0184428. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184428
Li J, Wu B, Tevik K, Krokstad S, Helvik AS. Factors associated with elevated consumption of alcohol in older adults-comparison between China and Norway: the CLHLS and the HUNT Study. BMJ Open. 2019; 9:e028646. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028646
Diniz A, Pillon SC, Monteiro S, Pereira A, Gonçalves J, Santos MA. Elderly substance abuse: an integrative review. Psicol Teor Prat. 2017; 19(2):23-41. doi: 10.5935/1980-6906
Li W, Caltabiano N. Prevalence of substance abuse and socio-economic differences in substance abuse in an Australian community-dwelling elderly sample. Health Psychol Open. 2017;4(1):1-7. doi: 10.1177/2055102917708136
Atkinson, C. Service responses for older high-risk drug users: a literature review [Internet]. Glasgow: Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research (SSCCJR); 2016 [cited 2020 Sep 17]. Available from: https://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/SCCJR-Report-062016.pdf
Crome I, Rao R. Our Invisible Addicts (No. CR211) [Internet]. Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2018 [cited 2020 Sep 17]. Available from: https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/usefulresources/publications/collegereports/cr/cr211.aspx
Lima DWC, Ferreira LDC, Ferreira LA, Azevedo LDS, Luis MAV, Macedo JQ. The meaning and relations of the elderly with drugs. SMAD, Rev Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool Drog. 2017;13(3):132-9. doi: 10.11606/issn.1806-6976.v13i3p132-139.
Morin E. O método 6: ética. 4 ed. Porto Alegre (POA): Sulina; 2011.
Yin RK. Estudo de caso: planejamento e métodos. 5 ed. Porto Alegre (POA): Bookman; 2015.
Cruz VD, Santos SSC, Gautério-Abreu DP, Silva BT, Ilha, S. Drug consumption among elderly and harm reduction: a reflection from the complexity. Esc Anna Nery. 2016; 20(3):e20160076. doi: 10.5935/1414-8145.20160076
Barbosa MB, Pereira CV, Cruz DT, Leite ICG. Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol and tobacco use among non-institutionalized elderly persons. Rev Bras Geriatr Gerontol. 2018;21(2):123-33. doi: 10.1590/1981-22562018021.170185
Cheeta S, Halil A, Kenny M, Sheeham E, Zamyadi R, Williams AL, et al. Does perception of drug-related harm change with age? A cross-sectional online survey of young and older people. BMJ Open. 2018; 8(11):e021109. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021109
Soussan C, Andersson M, Kjellgren A. The diverse reasons for using Novel Psychoactive Substances - A qualitative study of the users' own perspectives. Int J Drug Policy. 2018; 52: 71-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.11.003
Ferreira RZ, Oliveira MM, Kantorski LP, Coimbra VCC, Jardim VMR. Gift theory among groups of users of crack and other drugs. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2015; 24(2):467-75. doi: 10.1590/0104-07072015001132014
Alves YDD, MacRae E. Uma Abordagem Teórica Sobre o Contexto Social do Uso de Drogas. Rev TOMO. 2019; 3:81-114. doi: 10.21669/tomo.v0i34.9850
Toledo L, Góngora A, Bastos FIPM. On the sidelines of society: crack use, deviation, criminalization and social exclusion – a narrative review. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2017; 22(1):31-42. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232017221.02852016
Guimarães RA, Castro VOL, Oliveira SMVL, Stabile AC, Motta-Castro ARC, Carneiro MAS et al. Gender differences in patterns of drug use and sexual risky behaviour among crack cocaine users in Central Brazil. BMC Psychiatry. 2017; 17(1):412. doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1569-7
Silveira KL, Oliveira MM, Nunes BP, Alves PF, Pereira GB. Craving in crack cocaine users according to individual and behavioral characteristics. Epidemiol. Serv Saúde. 2019; 28(1): e2018304. doi: 10.5123/s1679-49742019000100022
Poliquin H, Bertrand K, Flores-Aranda J, Roy E. Understanding experiences of and rationales for sharing crack-smoking equipment: A qualitative study with persons who smoke crack in Montréal. Int J Drug Policy. 2017; 48:18-26. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.059
Chaim CH, Bandeira KBP, Andrade AG. Physiopathology of addiction. Rev Me. 2015;94(4):256-62. doi: 10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v94i4p256-262
