Trastornos Mentales Comunes y consumo de alcohol en trabajadores del servicio público
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad.2026.244624Palabras clave:
Depresión, Ansiedad, Trastornos Relacionados con el Consumo de Alcohol, Salud del Trabajador, Educación Superior, Trastornos Mentales ComunesResumen
Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión, identificar problemas relacionados
con el consumo de alcohol y analizar variables sociodemográficas y laborales de docentes y
empleados técnico-administrativos de las Facultades de Odontología y Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo. Metodología: estudio transversal
basado en datos de cuestionarios aplicados en exámenes periódicos realizados entre septiembre de 2021 y octubre de 2024. Se utilizaron la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión, el Test de Identificación de Problemas Relacionados con el Uso de Alcohol y el Cuestionario de Autorreporte. Resultados: se realizaron 1.358 exámenes periódicos, de los cuales el 18,2% presentó alteraciones. De estos, el 91,1% de las alteraciones ocurrió en la subescala de ansiedad y el 38,9% en la subescala de depresión de la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión; el 10,1% fue identificado por el Test de Identificación de Problemas Relacionados con el Uso de Alcohol y el 42,1% por el Cuestionario de Autorreporte. La edad media fue de 49,75 años (DE=9,45), con predominio del sexo femenino (37%), del personal técnico-administrativo (37%) y de personas pertenecientes a la Facultad de Odontología (42%). Conclusión: la prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes y de problemas relacionados con el consumo de alcohol fue baja, con un claro predominio de la ansiedad. Los hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de implementar estrategias institucionales de prevención y cuidado en salud mental en el contexto universitario.
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