Factores psicosociales asociados con elconsumo problemático de alcohol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad.2025.222030Palabras clave:
Alcoholismo, Etanol, Impacto Psicosocial, Analisis multivariableResumen
Objetivo: identificar los factores psicosociales asociados a diferentes patrones de consumo de alcohol en la población del sudeste de Brasil. Metodología: se realizó un estudio en el que se recolectaron datos mediante un formulario digital que contenía preguntas sociodemográficas, pruebas psicométricas y el Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Para analizar las asociaciones entre las variables se utilizó el método Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis y se desarrollaron 4 modelos: control versus uso riesgoso, control versus uso nocivo, control versus posible dependencia y control versus uso problemático. Resultados: se obtuvo una muestra de 774 personas, de las cuales 296 (38%) presentaban consumo problemático de alcohol. Además, se observó una asociación, con diferentes tipos de consumo de alcohol, de varios factores, que incluyeron color/raza, edad, ingresos, nível de educación, forma de eliminación de aguas residuales, experiencia de ruptura sentimental, victimización por violencia y rasgos de personalidad. Conclusión: se identificaron varios factores psicosociales asociados a diferentes tipos de consumo de alcohol, siendo estos determinantes sociales relevantes de la salud. Sin embargo, con base en otras investigaciones, es necesario observar cómo estos factores interactúan con el consumo y entre sí, para obtener una mejor caracterización de los segmentos poblacionales más susceptibles a patrones problemáticos de consumo de alcohol.
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