Intervenciones educativas o combinadas para adultos mayores adictos al alcohol: revisión integradora de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad.2026.237505Palabras clave:
Anciano, Alcoholismo, Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoholicas, Autocuidado, Automanejo, Educación en SaludResumen
Objetivo: identificar los efectos de intervenciones educativas o combinadas sobre la capacidad funcional y la adicción al alcohol en adultos mayores mediante una revisión integradora de la literatura. Metodología: revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada en las siguientes bases de datos: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medline - US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science (WoS), Scopus (Elsevier) y SciELO. El levantamiento bibliográfico se realizó en abril de 2025 y arrojó 2194 publicaciones, de las cuales se seleccionaron 8 artículos para su análisis con el apoyo del programa de software Rayyan. Resultados: los estudios incluidos presentaron diversidad metodológica (ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, y estudios cualitativos, observacionales, experimentales y de cohorte). Las intervenciones analizadas variaron entre estrategias educativas, de autocuidado, psicosociales, tecnológicas y combinadas. Los principales efectos observados fueron los siguientes: reducción del consumo de alcohol, mejoría en la capacidad funcional, mantenimiento de la abstinencia, bienestar emocional, apoyo social y aumento en la adhesión al tratamiento. Factores como nivel de estudios, percepción del riesgo y contexto social influyeron en estos resultados. Además, en estos estudios
se destacan los desafíos estructurales en el acceso a la atención, especialmente en poblaciones vulnerables. Conclusión: las intervenciones educativas o combinadas han demostrado ser eficaces para reducir el consumo de alcohol y mejorar el estado funcional de los adultos mayores, y deben adaptarse a las características individuales y contextuales de la población.
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Derechos de autor 2026 SMAD, Revista Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool e Drogas (Edição em Português)
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