Neutralidade da ciência, desencantamento do mundo e controle da natureza

Abstract

The aim of this essay is to investigate self-control as an alternative to the practices of control, or domination of nature, in the context of ecological problems, first by individuals, then by society, and finally, by science. The starting point is an analysis of the thesis of the neutrality of science into three components, one of which the thesis of factual neutrality reflects the descriptive character of scientific propositions, and is strongly linked to the control of nature. The high value attributed to the control of nature characteristic of modernity is in turn seen as one of the causes of ecological problems. In order to overcome those problems, it is argued that the adoption of practices of self-control is needed, not only by individuals, but also, and more crucially, by society, and that social self-control is incompatible with the dynamics of the capitalist system. In the final section, self-control in the domain of science is identified with autonomy, and it is shown that the traditional claim of autonomy, made on the basis of neutrality, is no longer tenable, given the processes of commodification to which science is subjected to. To conclude, an alternative kind of autonomy is suggested, in which science is placed not above, but at the side of other forms of knowledge and other social institutions.