Thomas Kuhn e seus modificadores intercontinentais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662012000300005Keywords:
Kuhn, Lakatos, Laudan, Friedman, Amsterdamski, Paradigm, Dynamics of science, Scientific rationality, Scientific normativity, Ideals of knowledgeAbstract
I discuss some difficulties in writings by Imre Lakatos, Larry Laudan and Michael Friedman, where - in efforts to reinstate methodological normativity and the rationality of science - they modify, complicate, and expand Kuhn's conception of the development of science by replacing his concept of paradigm with a more rigorous one, or by supplementing it with various concepts of meta-paradigms. It is not clear that any of their proposed replacements of "paradigm" are more (methodologically) rational, better (logically) designed, and less monopolistic and dogmatic. I also present more broadly Stefan Amsterdamski's conception of the historical ideals of knowledge and my own ideas, elaborated, in some cases many years ago, in order to improve Kuhn's view. I introduce a concept of an "intellectual tradition" as a multi-level structure, containing a metaphysical layer and (several) scientific layers; the idea of a hierarchy of scientific achievements based on their differentiated cognitive significance; and an outline of a narrative of the history of science as a self-constituting process.Downloads
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