Niklas Luhmann

Abstract

This paper is a concise intellectual portrait of Niklas Luhmann focusing mainly on his social theory; it highlights the ideas found in The society of society that reveal the constructivist nucleus of modern social systems theory. By discussing the central distinctions of that work, between system and environment, the authors identify the basic breaking off points of Luhmann's theory with regard to the classical cognitive model of the European tradition and its humanist cosmology. Then, they present three basic conceptions of his sociological analysis: society without people; society as communication; and society as world society. Finally, they present some critical thoughts on the possibilities and limits of post-ontological theory of society as a self-referential system.