O Joyce de Wilder: Inspiração, empréstimo, apropriação, plágio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2595-8127.v25i1p29-46Palavras-chave:
James Joyce, Finnegans Wake, Joseph Campbell, Edmund Wilson, Thornton Wilder, The Skin of Our Teeth, Plágio, IntertextoResumo
A atração e a paixão do romancista e dramaturgo norte americano Thornton Wilder (se não sua obsessão) pela obra de James Joyce rendeu consequências inesperadas. Wilder estava escrevendo aquela que viria a ser sua segunda peça vencedora do Pulitzer, The Skin of Our Teeth, enquanto tentava “desemaranhar” o romance final de Joyce, o Finnegans Wake. Acusações de plágio surgiriam depois, feitas por dois grandes estudiosos da obra de Joyce, Joseph Campbell e Henry Morton Robinson, que levantaram questões quanto ao ponto de inflexão da prática criativa, o momento em que práticas de influência e referência textual passam do limite e se tornam empréstimos excessivos, e plágio. Essas acusações, que Wilder não reconheceu e a que não deu resposta no momento, nunca foram derrubadas, para seu descrédito, e toldaram suas realizações como dramaturgo e também como um dos grandes estudiosos da literatura experimental, com uma ênfase toda especial em James Joyce. Este artigo expõe minuciosamente a necessidade de uma reavaliação das questões em torno da prática criativa de Wilder dentro da atmosfera teórica atual de intertextualidade, reavaliando assim o trabalho pioneiro de Wilder tanto com o Ulysses quanto com o Finnegans Wake.
Referências
Burns, Edward M. and Ulla E. Dydo, eds. Letters of Gertrude Stein and Thornton Wilder. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
Burns, Edward and Joshua A. Gaylord, eds. A Tour of the Darkling Plain: the Finnegans Wake Letters of Thornton Wilder and Adaline Glasheen. Dublin: University College Dublin Press, 2001.
Campbell, Joseph and Henry Morton Robinson, “The Skin of Whose Teeth? — The Strange Case of Mr. Wilder’s New Play and Finnegans Wake,” The Saturday Review of Literature, 25 (19 December 1942), 3-4. “The Skin of Whose Teeth? Part 2: The Intention behind the Deed” appeared in The Saturday Review of Literature, 26 (13 February 1943), 16-19.
Campbell, Joseph and Henry Morton Robinson, A Skeleton Key to Finnegans Wake, New York: Harcourt Brace, 1944.
Campbell, Joseph. Mythic Worlds, Modern Words: On the Art of James Joyce. Ed. Edward L. Epstein. Novato, CA: New World Library, 2003, pp. 257-66..
Feshbach, Sidney. “Deeply Indebted: On Thornton Wilder’s Interest in James Joyce.” James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 31, no. 4, University of Tulsa, 1994, pp. 495–517.
Dunleavy, Janet. Re-viewing Classis of Joyce Criticism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991. [Focus on pre-1960 critics.]
Gabler, H. W. “Emergence of James Joyce’s Dialogue Poetics”. Journal of Early Modern Studies, Vol. 11, Mar. 2022, pp. 229-52, doi:10.13128/jems-2279-7149-13431.
Gibbs, Wolcott, “Finnegans Teeth,” New Yorker (December 18, 1942): https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1942/12/26/finnegans-teeth
Jolas, Eugene. “Transition: An Occidental Workshop, 1927–1938” (1949), in Eugene Jolas: Critical Writings, 1924–1951, ed. by Klaus H Kiefer and Rainer Rumold (Evanston, IL: Northwestern U P, 2009), p. 122.
Leaf, Jonathan. “The Utterly Civilized Wilder: a writer of his time — and ours,” Humanities: The Magazine of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Vol. 30, No. 1 (January/February 2009). https://www.neh.gov/article/utterly-civilized-wilder
Lernout, Geert. Text, vol. 16, Indiana University Press, 2006, pp. 384–86, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30227984.
Niven, Penelope. Thornton Wilder: A Life. New York: Harper 2012.
Proudfit, Scott. Review of Thornton Wilder in Collaboration: Collected Essays on His Drama and Fiction ed. by Jackson R. Bryer, Judith P. Hallett, and Edyta K. Oczkowicz. Theatre History Studies, vol. 38, 2019, p. 241-244. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/ths.2019.0025.
Wilder, Thornton, “Preface,” Three Plays. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1957.
Wilder, Thornton. “Giordano Bruno’s Last Meal in Finnegans Wake,” A Wake Newslitter, 6 (October 1962); reprinted in Hudson Review, 16 (spring 1963), 74-79; and in American Characteristics and other Essays, pp. 278-85.
Wilder, Thornton. American Characteristics and other Essays, ed. Donald Gallup. Foreword by Isabel Wilder. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1979, rpt. 2000.
Williams, William Carlos, “A Point for American Criticism,” transition 15 (1929): 157-166. https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/transition-no-15-featuring-a-point-for-american-criticism-by-william-carlos-williams
Wilson, Edmund, “The Antrobuses and the Earwickers.” Nation, January 30, 1943, pp. 167-8, rpt. in Classics and Commercials: A Literary Chronicle of the 1940s. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1950, pp. 61-6; also includes “A Guide to Finnegans Wake,” pp. 182-9, which is a review of Campbell and Robinson’s A Skeleton Key to “Finnegans Wake,” the review-essay published 26 August 1944.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 S. E. Gontarski
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
