Knowledge update on the practice of resistance exercises by older individuals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v15i4a103008Keywords:
Exercise, Weight Lifting, Exercise TherapyAbstract
The combination of worsening of the functional condition and the increase in comorbidities at more advanced ages makes the aging of the current population a setting that deserves increased attention from the medical professional. This professional is certainly the most frequently asked about recommendations regarding suitable physical activities for elderly or debilitated individuals. However, the generalist training has not included current issues related to the exercise physiology and prescription of appropriate physical activities to these populations. Resistance exercises have gained increasing importance in the scientific community as a safe and effective form of exercise, resulting in preventive and therapeutic benefits for elderly or debilitated persons. Thus, an update of this knowledge is necessary for the medical professional, aiming at extending the benefits of recommending resistance exercises to an increasing number of individuals.
Downloads
References
Veras R. Envelhecimento populacional do Brasil: mudanças demográficas e desafios epidemiológicos. Rev Saúde Pública. 1991;25(6):476-88.
Lauretani FC, Russo R, Bandinelli S, Bartali B, Cavazzini C, Di Iorio A, et al . Ageassociated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol. 2003;95:1851-60.
McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Fisiologia do exercício: energia, nutrição e desempenho humano. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 1998. p.605-35.
Doherty TJ. Invited Review: Aging and Sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol. 2003;95(4):17217-27.
Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Fielding RA, Fiatarone MA, Evans WJ, Roubenoff R. Aging of skeletal muscle: a 12-yr longitudinal study. J Apll Physiol. 2000;88(4):1321-6.
Hobeika CP. Equilíbrium and Balance in the elderly. Ear Nose Throat. 1999;78(8):558-62.
Brown DA, Miler WC. Normative data for strength and flexibility throughout life. Eur J Apll Physiol Occup Physiol. 1998;78(1):77-82.
Jacob-Filho W. Promoção da saúde do idoso: um desafio interdisciplinar. In: Jacob-Filho W, Cvarvalho ET, editores. Promoção da saúde do idoso. São Paulo: Lemos; 1998, p.11-8.
Santarém JM. Princípios profiláticos e terapêuticos do exercício. In Amatuzzi MM, Greve JMD, Carazzato JG. Reabilitação em medicina do esporte. São Paulo: Roca; 2004. p.17-25.
Graves JE, Franklin BA. Resistance training for health and rehabilitation. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 2001
Santarém JM. Fisiologia do exercício e treinamento resistido na saúde, na doença e no envelhecimento [texto na internet]. São Paulo: CECAFI; c2007 [citado 2007 Jun 23]. Disponível em: http://www.saudetotal.com/cecafi/texto_exercicio.asp
Santarém JM. Exercícios resistidos no condicionamento cardiovascular [texto na internet]. São Paulo: CECAFI; c2007 [citado 2007 Jun 23]. Disponível em: http://www.saudetotal.com/cecafi/texto_condicionamentocardiovascular.asp
Dias RMR, Gurjão ALD, Marucci MFN. Benefícios do treinamento com pesos para aptidão física de idosos. Acta Fisiatr. 2006;13(2):90-5. Doi: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v13i2a102593
Faria JC, Machala CC, Dias RC, Dias JMD. Importância do treinamento de força na reabilitação da função muscular, equilíbrio e mobilidade de idosos. Acta Fisiatr. 2003;10(3):133-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v10i3a102461
Fleck SJ, Kraemer WJ. Fundamentos do treinamento de força muscular. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2006. p.309-29.
Santarém JM. Atividade física e envelhecimento [texto na internet]. São Paulo: CECAFI; c2007 [citado 2007 Jun 23]. Disponível em: http://www.saudetotal.com/cecafi/texto_envelhecimento.asp
UmpierreD, Stein R. Efeitos hemodinâmicos e vasculares do treinamento resistido: implicações na doença cardiovascular. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;89(4):256-62.
Leon AS, Franklin BA, Costa F, Balady GJ, Berra KA, Stewart KJ, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity), in collaboration with the American association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Circulation. 2005;111(3):369-76.
Adams J, Cline M, Reed M, Masters A, Ehlke K, Hartman J. Importance of resistance training for patients after a cardiac event. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2006;19:246-8.
Benn SJ, McCartney N, McKelvie RS. Circulatory responses to weight lifting, walking, and stair climbing in older males. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996;44(2):121-5.
Mc Cartney M. Acute Responses to Resistance Training and Safety. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31(1):31-7.
Bertagnoli K, Hanson P, Ward A. Attenuation of exercise-induced ST depression during combined isometric and dynamic exercise in coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1990;65(5):314-7.
Sale DG, Moroz DE, McKelvie RS, MacDougall JD, McCartney M. Effect of training on the blood pressure response to weight lifting. Can J Appl Physiol. 1994;19(1):60-74.
Verrill DE, Ribisl PM. Resistive exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation. An update. Sports Med.1996;21(5):347-83.
Whaley MH, Brubaker PH, Otto RM, editores. Diretrizes do ACSM para os testes de esforço e sua prescrição. 7 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara-Koogan, 2007.
Gomides RS, Nery SdS, Júnior DM, Tinucci T, Forjaz CLDM. Pressão Arterial durante o exercício resistido de diferentes intensidades em indivíduos hipertensos. In: Fontoura P, editor. Coleção Pesquisa em Educação Física. Jundiaí: Fontoura; 2007. p. 435-42.
Lamotte M, Strulens G, Niset G, Van de Bome. Influence of different resistive training modalities on blood pressure and heart rate responses of healthy subjects Isokin Exerc Sci. 2005;13(4):273-77.
Lamotte M, Niset G, van de Borne P. The effect of different intensity modalities of resistance training on beat-to-beat blood pressure in cardiac patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2005;12(1):12-7.
Nery SS. Pressão arterial de hipertensos estágio I durante diferentes intensidades de exercício resistido [Dissertação]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo; 2005.
Haykowsky MJ, Findlay JM, Ignaszewski AP. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with weight training: three case reports. Clin J Sport Med. 1996;6(1):52-5.
Hatzaras I, Tranquilli M, Coady M, Barret PM, Bible J, Elefteriades JA. Weight lifting and aortic dissection: more evidence for a connection. Cardiol. 2007;107(2):103-6.
Edwards MR, Martin DH, Hughson R. Cerebral hemodynamics and resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(7):1207-11.
Poulsen SH, Hjortshoj S, Korup E, Poenitz V, Espersen G, Sogaard P, et al. Strain rate and tissue tracking imaging in quantitation of left ventricular systolic function in endurance and strength athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007;17(2):148-55.
Otsuki T, Maeda S, Iemitsu M, Saito Y, Tanimura Y, Sugawara J, et al. Postexercise heart rate recovery accelerates in strength-trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(2):365-70.
Reliability of maximal voluntary muscle strength and power testing in older men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62(5):543-9.
Fleck SJ, Dean LS. Resistance-training experience and the pressor response during resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1987;63(1):116-20.
Santarém JM. Treinamento de força e potência. In: Ghorayeb N, Barros TL. O exercício. São Paulo: Atheneu; 1999. p.35-50.
Reeves RK, Laskowski ER, Smith J. Weight training injuries. Phys Sportsmed 1998;26(2):67-96.
Kraemer WJ, Adams K, Cafarelli E, Dudley GA, Dooly C, Feigenbaum MS, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(2):364-80.
American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(6):992-1008.
Pescatello LS, Franklin BA, Fagard R, Farquhar WB, Kelley GA, Ray CA. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(3):533-53.
Albright A, Franz M, Hornsby G, Kriska A, Marrero D, Ullrich I, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(7):1345-60.
Jakicic JM, Clark K, Coleman E, Donnelly JE, Foreyt J, Melanson E, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Appropriate intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(12):2145-56.
Kohrt WM, Bloomfield SA, Little KD, Nelson ME, Yingling VR. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: physical activity and bone health. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(11):1985-96.
Vincent KR, Vincent HK. Resistance training for individuals with cardiovascular disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2006;26(4):207-16.
Barbosa AR, Santarem JM, Filho WJ, Marucci MF. Effects of resistance training on the sit-and-reach test in elderly women. J Strength Cond Res. 2002;16(1):14-8.
Rezk CC, Marrache RC, Tinucci T, Mion Jr D, Forjaz CL. Post-resistance exercise hypotension, hemodynamics, and heart rate variability: influence of exercise intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;98(1):105-12.
Melo CM, Alencar Filho AC, Tinucci T, Mion Jr D, Forjaz CL. Postexercise hypotension induced by low-intensity resistance exercise in hypertensive women receiving captopril. Blood Press Monit. 2006;11(4):183-9.
Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, Amsterda EA, Bittner V, Franklin BA, et al. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2007;116(5):572-84.
Ploutz-Snyder LL, Manini T, Ploutz-Snyder RJ, Wolf DA. Functionally relevant thresholds of quadriceps femoris strength. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(4):B144-52.
Janssen I, Baumgartner RN, Ross R, Rosenberg IH, Roubenoff R. Skeletal muscle cutpoints associated with elevated physical disability risk in older men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(4):413-21.
Latham N, Anderson C, Bennett D, Stretton C. Progressive resistance strength training for physical disability in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(2):CD002759.
Seynnes OR, de Boer M, Narici MV. Early skeletal muscle hypertrophy and architectural changes in response to high-intensity resistance training.J Appl Physiol. 2007;102(1):368-73.
Melov S, Tarnopolsky MA, Beckman K, Felkey K, Hubbard A. Resistance exercise reverses aging in human skeletal muscle. PLoS ONE. 2007;2(5):e465.
Fiatarone MA, O'Neil EF, Ryan ND, Clements KM, Solares GR, Nelson ME, et al. Exercise training and nutrition supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:1769-75.
Rydwik E, Frandin K, Akner G. Effects of physical training on physical performance in institutionalized elderly patients (70+) with multiple diagnoses. Age Ageing. 2004;33(1):13-23.
Suetta C, Magnusson SP, Beyer N, Kjaer M. Effect of strength training on muscle function in elderly hospitalized patients. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007:17(5):464-72.
Fiatarone MA, Marks EC, Ryan ND, Meredith CN, Lipsitz LA, Evans WJ. Highintensity strength training in nonagenarians. Effects on skeletal muscle. JAMA. 1990;263(22):3029-34.
Kryger AI, Andersen JL. Resistance training in the oldest old: consequences for muscle strength, fiber types, fiber size, and MHC isoforms. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007;17(4):422-30.
Matsudo SMM, Mastsudo VKR, Araújo TL. Perfil do nível de atividade física e capacidade funcional de mulheres maiores de 50 anos de idade de acordo com a idade cronológica. Rev Bras Ativ Fis Saúde. 2001;6(1):12-24.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of Physical activity, including lifestyle activity among adults - USA: 2000-2001. MMWR.2003;52(32):764-9.
Martinson B, Crain A, Pronk N, O'Connor P, Maciosek M. Changes in physical activity and short-term changes in health care charges: a prospective cohort study of older adults. Prev Med. 2003;37(4):319-26.
Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, Duncan PW, Judge JO, King AC, et al. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1435-45.
Hunter GR, McCarthy JP, Bamman MM. Effects of resistance training on older adults. Sports Med. 2004;34(5):329-48.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2008 Acta Fisiátrica
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
