Botulinic Toxin Type A: action mechanism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v16i1a103037Keywords:
Botulinum Toxins, Type A, Central Nervous System/drug effects, Review Literature as TopicAbstract
This review article initially addresses the historical aspects of researches for obtaining and using botulinic toxin type A (BoNT/A), first as a biological weapon and later, as medication. Subsequently, the article describes in details the structure and synthesis of BoNT/A, with emphasis on the light and heavy chains and then its action mechanism is described. The mechanism of action is explored in its aspects concerning the relaxation of striated muscles (acetylcholine release inhibition) and its action on the stretch reflex of the spinal cord; antinociceptive action, through the blockage of pain-related peptide release and on the autonomic nervous system, acting over glands (salivary, sudoriparous, and lacrimal glands) as well as the bladder and prostate. The direct and indirect effects of BoNT/A on the Central Nervous System remain the subject of discussion and debate, regarding the aspects related to antigenicity, when using this therapeutic resource and the future directions for this resource.
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