Toxina Botulínica do Tipo A: mecanismo de ação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v16i1a103037Palavras-chave:
Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A, Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos da droga, Literatura de Revisão como AssuntoResumo
Neste trabalho de revisão, são abordados inicialmente aspectos históricos das pesquisas para a obtenção e utilização da toxina botulínica do tipo A (BoNT/A), inicialmente como arma biológica e depois como medicamento. Em seguida descreve-se detalhadamente a estrutura e síntese da BoNT/A, com ênfase às cadeias leve e pesada para na seqüência descrever-se o mecanismo de ação. O mecanismo de ação é explorado nos seus aspectos de relaxamento muscular sobre músculos estriados (inibição da liberação de acetilcolina) e ação sobre o reflexo de estiramento medula; ação antinociceptiva, através do bloqueio da liberação de peptídeos relacionados com a dor e sobre o sistema nervoso autônomo, atuando sobre glândulas (salivar, sudorípara e lacrimal) e sobre bexiga e próstata. Ainda discute-se os efeitos diretos e indiretos da BoNT/A sobre o Sistema Nervoso Central, os aspectos relacionados à antigenicidade quando utilização deste recurso terapêutico e as direções futuras para este recurso.
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