Development and characterization of photoprotective nanoemulsions containing Babassu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) lipophilic extract

Italo Rennan Sousa  Vieira; Ana Clara Lima Nunes Silva; Natalia Ruben Castro; Cristal dos Santos Cerqueira Pinto; Zaida Maria Faria de  Freitas; Eduardo Ricci-Júnior; Elisabete Pereira dos Santos; Adriana Leandro Camara; Maria Célia Pires Costa; Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902023e23011

Authors

Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-4543
Ana Clara Lima Nunes Silva Universidade Estadual do Maranhão
Natalia Ruben Castro Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Cristal dos Santos Cerqueira Pinto Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-4547
Zaida Maria Faria de Freitas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-1711
Eduardo Ricci-Júnior Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2550-696X
Elisabete Pereira dos Santos Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6712-0643
Adriana Leandro Camara Universidade Estadual do Maranhão
Maria Célia Pires Costa Universidade Estadual do Maranhão
Carlos Adam Conte-Junior Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902023e23011

Keywords:

Orbignya phalerata;, Babassu extract;, Sunscreens;, Nanoemulsions;, In vitro SPF

Abstract

Oil-in-water photoprotective nanoemulsions (NEs) were developed using Babassu (BBS) lipophilic extract, nonionic surfactants, and low concentrations of organic sunscreens by ultrasonic processing. BBS extract was chosen due to its suitable physicochemical properties (acidity index, peroxide index, refraction index, and relative density) and predominance of saturated fatty acids, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which promote biological activities and high oxidative stability. NEs were characterized by mean droplet size, morphology, polydispersity index (PdI), pH, and organoleptic properties, and the physical stability of the NEs was evaluated for 120 days at room temperature. The sun protection factor (SPF) was determined, and the photostability and in vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed for NEs. All NEs remained stable for 120 days, with a droplet size <150 nm and a monomodal distribution profile. The pH values were compatible with the skin’s pH. NE3 showed a spherical morphology, with a mean droplet size of 125.15 ± 0.16 nm and PdI of 0.145 ± 0.032. NE3 containing BBS extract and sunscreens presented an SPF of 35.5 ± 3.0, was photostable after 6 h of radiation and was non-cytotoxic to fibroblast cells. Thus, NE3 could be considered a promising formulation for developing synergic plant-extract sunscreen photoprotective products for the market.

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