Evaluation of hydroelectrolytic, energetic supplementation, and clinical laboratory parameters in search and rescue dogs

Authors

  • Hévila Dutra Barbosa de Cerqueira Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1180-8318
  • Caroline Sant’Anna Feitosa Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-0946
  • Franciely Mota de Oliveira Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3743-3742
  • Isabella Cosmo da Silva Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0272-0461
  • Leonardo Oliveira Trivilin Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias ; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3039-3269
  • Leticia Leal de Oliveira Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-8011
  • Graziela Barioni Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-6863
  • Karina Preising Aptekmann Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-9936

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2024.216170

Keywords:

Dehydration, Electrolytes, Exercise, Hormone, Military dogs

Abstract

Establishing methods and actions to improve performance and reduce changes during physical activity is essential in search and rescue dogs. Studying the changes in search and rescue dogs during working activities and how to correct them can help improve their performance and avoid complications. Six healthy adult dogs, which had participated in search and rescue operations for at least one year, were used. Animals had no evidence of clinical disease nor received any supplement or medication prior to the assessment. Dogs were evaluated before, during, and after exercise and submitted to volume replacement with mineral water (T1) and hydroelectrolytic supplementation (T2). Body temperature (BT), parameters of hydration (body weight, erythrogram, and total protein (TP)), energy indicators (glucose, lactate), electrolytes (K+, Na+, Cl-, P+, Ca2+, Mg2+), and hormone levels (cortisol, aldosterone, insulin) were determined. After exercise, isotonic dehydration was detected in both treatments, accompanied by erythrocytosis and weight loss. During the recovery phase, in both treatments, dogs presented a significant increase in BT and lactate and a significant decrease in insulin, TP, and P+. BT and lactate increased after exercise and returned to basal upon recovery. Insulin decreased after exercise without changes in glucose. The maintenance of cortisol indicated the adjustability of dogs to environmental stimuli and stress resistance, and aldosterone did not change during exercise. Both volume replacement with water or hydroelectrolytic and energetic supplementation can correct the isotonic dehydration exhibited by dogs.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Angle CT, Wakshlag JJ, Gillette RL, Stokol T, Geske S, Adkins TO, Gregor C. Hematologic, serum biochemical, and cortisol changes associated with anticipation of exercise and short duration high-intensity exercise in sled dogs. Vet Clin Pathol. 2009;38(3):370-4. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00122.x. PMid:19351341.

Assenza A, Bergero D, Congiu F, Tosto F, Giannetto C, Piccione G. Evaluation of serum electrolytes and blood lactate concentration during repeated maximal exercise in horse. J Equine Vet Sci. 2014;34(10):1175-80. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2014.07.001.

Benton D, Young HA. Do small differences in hydration status affect mood and mental performance? Nutr Rev. 2015;73(Suppl 2):83-96. http://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv045. PMid:26290294.

Davenport GM, Kelley RL, Altom EK, Lepine AJ. Effect of diet on hunting performance of English pointers. Vet Ther Res Appl Vet Med. 2001;2(1):10-23. PMid:19753695.

Guillaumin J, Dibartola SP. Disorders of sodium and water homeostasis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2017;47(2):293-312. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.015. PMid:28017410.

Haverbeke A, Diederich C, Depiereux E, Giffroy JM. Cortisol and behavioral responses of working dogs to environmental challenges. Physiol Behav. 2008;93(1-2):59-67. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.07.014. PMid:17868751.

Helton WS. Canine ergonomics: the science of working dogs. 1st ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2009. http://doi.org/10.1201/9781420079920.

Hinchcliff KW, Constable PD, DiSilvestro RA. Muscle injury and antioxidant status in sled dogs competing in a long-distance sled dog race. Equine Comp Exerc Physiol. 2004;1(1):81-5. http://doi.org/10.1079/ECP200311.

Johnson SI, McMichael M, White G. Heatstroke in small animal medicine: a clinical practice review. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2006;16(2):112-9. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2006.00191.x.

López JHF, Martínez PAL, Roncancio BOC. Parámetros fisiológicos en caninos pre y post competencia de Agility en Bogotá, Colombia. Rev Mvz Cordoba. 2006;12:57-71.

Marliss EB, Kreisman SH, Manzon A, Halter JB, Vranic M, Nessim SJ. Gender differences in glucoregulatory responses to intense exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88(2):457-66. http://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.457. PMid:10658011.

McKenzie EC, Jose-Cunilleras E, Hinchcliff KW, Holbrook TC, Royer C, Payton ME, Williamson K, Nelson S, Willard MD, Davis MS. Serum chemistry alterations in Alaskan sled dogs during five successive days of prolonged endurance exercise. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2007;230(10):1486-92. http://doi.org/10.2460/javma.230.10.1486. PMid:17504039.

McNicholl J, Howarth GS, Hazel SJ. Influence of the environment on body temperature of racing greyhounds. Front Vet Sci. 2016;3:53. http://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00053. PMid:27446941.

Meyer F, Perrone CA. Hidratação pós-exercício-recomendações e fundamentação científica. R Bras Ci Mov. 2009;12:87-90.

Monteiro RCA, Riether PTA, Burini RC. Effect of a mixed program of nutritional intervention and physical exercise on body composition and eating habits of obese climacteric women. Rev Nutr. 2004;17(4):479-89. http://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732004000400008.

O’Connor WJ, Potts DJ. The external water exchanges of normal laboratory dogs. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci. 1969;54(2):244-65. http://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1969.sp002022. PMid:5193737.

Otto CM, Hare E, Nord JL, Palermo SM, Kelsey KM, Darling TU, Schmidt K, Coleman D. Evaluation of three hydration strategies in detection dogs working in a hot environment. Front Vet Sci. 2017;4:174. http://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00174. PMid:29124059.

Pösö AR, Hyyppä S. Metabolic and hormonal changes after exercise in relation to muscle glycogen concentrations. Equine Vet J. 1999;31(S30):332-6. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05244.x. PMid:10659278.

Richardson KJ, Kuck L, Simmonds MJ. Beyond oxygen transport: active role of erythrocytes in the regulation of blood flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2020;319(4):H866-72. http://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00441.2020. PMid:32857630.

Rizzo M, Arfuso F, Alberghina D, Giudice E, Gianesella M, Piccione G. Monitoring changes in body surface temperature associated with treadmill exercise in dogs by use of infrared methodology. J Therm Biol. 2017;69:64-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.06.007. PMid:29037406.

Rosenstein PG, Tennent‐Brown BS, Hughes D. Clinical use of plasma lactate concentration. Part 1: Physiology, pathophysiology, and measurement. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2018;28(2):85-105. http://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12708. PMid:29533512.

Rovira S, Muñoz A, Benito M. Effect of exercise on physiological, blood and endocrine parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs. Vet Med. 2008;53(6):333-46. http://doi.org/10.17221/1860-VETMED.

Rovira S, Muñoz A, Benito M. Hematologic and biochemical changes during canine agility competitions. Vet Clin Pathol. 2007a;36(1):30-5. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2007.tb00178.x. PMid:17311191.

Rovira S, Muñoz AE, Benito M. Fluid and electrolyte shifts during and after agility competion in dogs. J Vet Med Sci. 2007b;69(1):31-5. http://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.69.31. PMid:17283397.

Spoo JW, Zoran DL, Downey RL, Bischoff K, Wakshlag JJ. Serum biochemical, blood gas and antioxidant status in search and rescue dogs before and after simulated fieldwork. Vet J. 2015;206(1):47-53. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.07.002. PMid:26228710.

Zanghi BM, Robbins PJ, Ramos M, Otto CM. Working dogs drinking a nutrient-enriched water maintain cooler body temperature and improved pulse rate recovery after exercise. Front Vet Sci. 2018;5:202. http://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00202. PMid:30211176.

Downloads

Published

2024-08-05

Issue

Section

FULL ARTICLE

Funding data

How to Cite

1.
Cerqueira HDB de, Feitosa CS, Oliveira FM de, Silva IC da, Trivilin LO, Oliveira LL de, et al. Evaluation of hydroelectrolytic, energetic supplementation, and clinical laboratory parameters in search and rescue dogs. Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. [Internet]. 2024 Aug. 5 [cited 2024 Dec. 5];61:e216170. Available from: https://revistas.usp.br/bjvras/article/view/216170