Epidemiology of the Leptospirosis in wild animals at the Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo

Abstract

This study was aimed to achieve a better comprehension of the epidemiological aspects of leptospirosis in the Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo. From 1996 to 1999, blood samples were collected from 302 wild animals that were submitted to the Veterinary Division of the zoo for routine procedures. Positive Microscopic Aglutination Test were obtained from them 59 animals were positiv (19,5%) . The most frequent sorovars were copenhageni ( 15/59 = 25.4%), pomona (13/59 = 22%) and castellonis (10/59 = 16.9%). According to the orders and families of examined animals, the most frequent serovars were: Order Primate : copenhageni (13/25 = 52%), castellonis (5/25 = 20%) e grippotyphosa (2/25 = 8%). Family Felidae pomona (12/17 = 70.5%), icterohaemorrhagiae (2/17=11.7%) e grippotyphosa (1/17 = 5.8%). Family Cervidae : mini (1/1 = 100%). Family Bovidae : copenhageni (2/3 = 66.6%), pomona (1/3 = 33.3%). Order Rodentia : castellonis (2/3 = 66.6%). Family Macropodidae : sentot (1/1 = 100%). Family Girafidae : castellonis (1/1 = 100%). Free living specimens of the Muridae ( Rattus norvegicus ) and Didelphidae ( Didelphis marsupialis) families were also examined for Microscopic Aglutination Test and bacteriologic culture. Positive serologycal and bacteriologycal tests for Icterohaemorrhagiae serogrup were found in rodents, such as rats (3/7 = 42.8%) and opossum 2/5 = 40%). These strongly suggest that free-living rodents play na important role in the leptospirosis transmition inside the Zoo. Two specific areas, Extra Sector 1 and Feline Alley were considered critical due to the major proportion of seropositives animals. The possible reasons and these findings were sugestive for the profilatical procidures for the control of the Leptospirosis at the São Paulo Zoo were discussed.