Efeito da mastite subclínica bovina sobre a produção de leite e desempenho econômico de fazendas leiteiras brasileiras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2023.208514Palavras-chave:
Infecções mamárias subclínicas, Alteração na composição do leite, Custo indireto, Perda de leiteResumo
O objetivo deste artigo de revisão foi compilar os principais resultados obtidos em estudos brasileiros publicados em periódicos indexados, relacionados ao efeito da mastite subclínica (MS) sobre a produção e a rentabilidade de rebanhos leiteiros. Para isso, foram consideradas duas abordagens: (i) diagnóstico da mastite [com base na contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e na cultura microbiológica] e, (ii) estratégia de amostragem do leite (quartos mamários, amostras compostas de vacas e do tanque de rebanhos). A MS é a forma mais frequente de mastite em fazendas leiteiras, mas nem sempre seu impacto é compreendido adequadamente. A ausência de alterações visuais do leite, nos quartos mamários e/ou sistêmicas nas vacas acometidas dificulta o diagnóstico da MS, diminuindo a percepção das perdas e, consequentemente, levando os produtores a subestimarem os impactos na produção de leite e na rentabilidade dos rebanhos. O impacto da MS sobre a produção de leite e o desempenho econômico das fazendas leiteiras depende do patógeno causador da doença, do estágio da lactação e do número de parições das vacas. Assim, a estimativa das perdas causadas pela MS sobre produção de leite e o desempenho econômico das fazendas leiteiras pode ser usada para a tomada de decisões de implementação de medidas de controle da MS. De modo geral, o controle da MS requer a implantação de medidas especificas para cada rebanho, de acordo com o período em que há maior frequência de casos, o perfil de transmissão da doença e tipo de agente envolvido nos casos de mastite. Por isso, o monitoramento do rebanho pelo uso da CCS das vacas do rebanho, diagnóstico microbiológico de agentes causadores de MS, o uso de protocolos de secagem eficientes e medidas adicionais de manejo, são essenciais para o controle da mastite, qualidade do leite e desempenho econômico de fazendas leiteiras.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Números do Financiamento 2013/23613-8;2015/04570-1;2014/17411-6