Pesticidas na soja: desafios regularórios, custos de conformidade e efeitos no comércio Mercosul - UE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-53575515mmhbPalavras-chave:
Limite máximo de resíduos, Custos comerciais, Medidas não tarifáriasResumo
O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito comercial da heterogeneidade regulatória nos Limites Máximos de Resíduos (LMRs) de pesticidas sobre o comércio de soja do Mercosul para a União Europeia (UE), considerando tanto as normas europeias quanto as do Codex. As equações gravitacionais, baseadas no modelo gravitacional teórico, incluíram dois índices de heterogeneidade regulatória entre os anos de 2010 e 2018. Os resultados destacam a necessidade de os países exportadores assegurarem que seus padrões de segurança alimentar, relacionados aos LMRs, estejam pelo menos em conformidade com os do Codex, pois LMRs menos rigorosos do que os padrões internacionais podem levar à rejeição das cargas nos mercados importadores. No entanto, a divergência regulatória com o Codex não necessariamente resulta em custos de adequação para o exportador. Isso pode ocorrer porque, em certos casos, a divergência regulatória não é considerada suficiente para desencadear a necessidade de adaptação, ou porque os produtos ainda são aceitos pelos mercados importadores. Em contrapartida, normas mais estritas para os LMRs na UE em relação aos países do Mercosul podem representar custos potenciais para os exportadores, afetando negativamente o comércio.
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