Previsibilidade da taxa de câmbio: modelo Multi-State Markov-Switching e tendência com suavidade controlada

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-53575516acjg

Palavras-chave:

Taxa de câmbio, Previsão, Suavização exponencial, Markov-Switching

Resumo

Este estudo apresenta um modelo de previsão da taxa de câmbio (pesos mexicanos/dólar americano). A metodologia estatística utilizada baseia se no modelo Multi-State Markov-Switching com três especificações diferentes. O modelo é aplicado à tendência dos dados da série temporal em vez das observações originais para mitigar o efeito de outliers e blips transitórios. A técnica de filtragem empregada para estimar a tendência nos permite controlar a quantidade de suavidade na tendência resultante. Ao fazer isto, a abordagem Markov-Switching capta a persistência da tendência das taxas de câmbio com mais precisão e melhora o desempenho das previsões dentro e fora da amostra. Nossos resultados mostram que identificar corretamente a tendência da taxa de câmbio (Pesos Mexicanos / Dólar Americano) desempenha um papel fundamental na obtenção de capacidade superior de previsão em relação ao passeio aleatório simples. Além da nova abordagem para estimar uma tendência com suavidade controlada, enfatizamos que quando se trabalha com séries temporais financeiras, uma suposição usual é que a série se comporte como um passeio aleatório, ou seja, como um processo I(1), e não como um processo = I(2). Como estamos interessados em decompor uma série temporal financeira em tendência mais ruído, utilizamos o filtro de suavização exponencial (ES) em vez do filtro Hodrick-Prescott (HP), como fizeram outros autores. Aplicar o filtro HP a um processo I(1), como feito incorretamente, produz um erro de especificação no sentido de que um procedimento abaixo do ideal é usado.

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Publicado

25-03-2025

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Como Citar

Islas Camargo, A., & Galván, J. A. Z. (2025). Previsibilidade da taxa de câmbio: modelo Multi-State Markov-Switching e tendência com suavidade controlada. Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo), 55(1), e53575516. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-53575516acjg