THE GUARANI AQUIFER AND THEIR LEGAL PARAMETERS: PROSPECTS AND LOGIC OF FRESH WATER SCARCITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2179-0892.geousp.2012.74276Keywords:
Guarani aquifer, International practices and rules for ground water, Domestic brazilian rules for surface and ground watersAbstract
Guarani Aquifer is not a groundwater tank. It is a disrupted chain of eventual opportunities of getting freshwater in many places. Once its water has been used, there is a possibility for surface waters to occupy the place and contaminate it, or facilitate contamination by acting as a vector of percolation. An International Clean Water Act is not sufficient by itself, if it lacks prevention and implementation, and therefore control of public policies. Common actions in the boarder areas could be of more effect than treaty signature without practice goals and common concern. A good ground and starting point for international cooperation could be the common identification of the identical national rules in all the States of the same aquifer concern, as well as real political participation and concern of the regional peoples.Downloads
References
ACADÉMIE DE L’EAU. De l’eau pour tous. Um aperçu des travaux menés sur le droit à l’eau potable et la solidarité pour l’eau.
Nanterre: Agence de l’Eau Seine Normandie. 2004.
BORVON, Gérard. Análise detalhada do Conseil Mondial de l’Eau in http://www.seaus.free.fr. Acesso em 21/5/09.
BRASIL. Lei n. 9433, de 8 de janeiro de 1997. Acesso em 20/6/2011: htttp://www.presidencia.gov.br/legislacao/BRASIL. Agência Nacional de Águas –ANA-. Conjuntura dos recursos hídricos no Brasil: informe 2011. Brasília : ANA, 2011. 112 p.: Il.
BRASIL. Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente–CONAMA-. Resolução CONAMA n. 396, de 3 de abril de 2008. Dispõe sobre a classificação e diretrizes ambientais para o enquadramento das águas subterrâneas e dá outras providências. Publicada no Diário Oficial da União n. 66, de 7 de abril de 2008, Seção 1, páginas 64-68.
BRZEZINSKI, Maria Lúcia Navarro Lins. Direito Internacional em matéria de água doce: conteúdo, formas e efetividade. Brasil. 2011. 382 f. Tese (Doutorado em Direito) – Faculdade de Direito, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. 369p.
BRZEZINSKI, Maria Lúcia N. L. Regulating Transboundary Groundwater: big challenges for Brazil In: ISARM 2010 International Conference “Transboundary Aquifers: challenges and new directions”. Paris: Unesco, 2010, p. 81–82.
CAUBET, Christian Guy. A água, a lei, a política... e o meio ambiente? Curitiba: Juruá. 2004. 305 p. Cf.: Capítulo 3: Gestão das
águas e cidadania. p. 103-138.
CAUBET, Christian Guy. A água doce nas relações internacionais. Bauru (SP): Manole. 2006. 223p.
CAUBET, Christian Guy. “Os contextos normativos brasileiros em matéria de águas subterrâneas”. In: RIBEIRO, Wagner Costa. Governança da água no Brasil. Uma visão interdisciplinar. São Paulo: Annablume. 2009. p. 213-237.
CAUBET, Christian Guy. “Los marcos jurídicos nacionales y supranacionales vigentes en relación a Acuífero Guaraní”. In: Grupo de Trabajo: Iniciativa Mercosur .PIDHDD Capítulo Uruguay. El Acuífero Guaraní en debate. Montevideo (Uruguay): Editorial Cotidiano Mujer, 2009. 116 p (P.67-76) [Enfoques sobre el Acuífero Guaraní. Seminario "Acuífero Guaraní: Sustentabilidad y Desafíos del Derecho al Agua" realizado en Montevideo en noviembre de 2008 en el marco del MERCOSUR.]
FIDH – Federação Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. Cf. www.fidh.org: L’accès à l’eau sacrifié sur l’autel du marché. 2 ème Forum Mondial de l’ eau. 23 mars 2000. Acesso em 31/5/09.
HALL, David. “Introdução”. In BALANYÁ, Belén et alii. Por un modelo público de agua. Triunfos, luchas y sueños. Espanha: El Viejo Topo. 2005,p.26.
GARCÍA, Aniza. El derecho humano al água. Buenos Aires: Editorial Trotta. 2008. 295 p.
ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS – ONU-. Rapport de la Conférence des Nations Unies sur l’eau. Mar del Plata, 14–25 mars 1977. New York: Nations Unies, 1977. E/CONF.70/29, 188 p.)
ONU. Rapport mondial des Nations Unies sur la mise en valeur des ressources en eau. Terceira Edição, 16 de março de 2009.
ONU (a). Assemblée générale. Soixantequatrième session. 108e séance plénière – AG 10967.Droit fondamental à l’eau et à l’assainissement .(A/64/L.63/Rev.1. 28/7/2010)
ONU (b). Conselho de Direitos Humanos. Resolução A/HRC/15/L.14, de 24 de setembro de 2010, pela qual o Conselho: “Affirms that the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation is derived from the right to an adequate standard of living and inextricably related to the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, as well as the right to life and human dignity”.
STEINER, Achim. UNEP Annual Report 2009. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). UNO: New York. 15/7/2010. 749p. “The report identifies a number of direct impacts following the escalation of violence in December 2008 and January 2009. But in addition to that it also points to the fact that, for instance the issue of the water aquifer that supplies the water to the people of Gaza is now highly threatened. For thousands of years it has maintained people in that area. In a few more years it may not be able to do so. To address this issue, partly from over extraction but also because of salt water intrusion now coming from the Mediterranean, will mean that urgent action is needed to ensure that the future water supplies of Gaza can be assured.”
UNITED NATIONS. Economic and Social Council. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 29th Session. Geneva, 11-29 November 2002. E/C.12/2002/11,p. 2.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Christian Guy Caubet
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors maintain copyright and grant the magazine the right to first publication, with the work with a license to use the CC-BY attribution, which allows to distribute, remix, adapt and create based on your work, provided that the due copyright, in the manner specified by CS.
- Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (eg in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any time before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes, as well as increase the impact and citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
