REESTRUTURAÇÃO, REESCALONAMENTO E A QUESTÃO URBANA
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2179-0892.geousp.2013.74311Mots-clés :
Escala, Reescalonamento, Reestruturação urbana, Teoria espacial, Questão urbanaRésumé
Tradução do texto "Restructuring, rescaling and the urban question", de Neil Brenner. No contexto dos debates recentes sobre escala e teoria socioespacial, esse texto explora alguns dos limites e possibilidades das interpretações escalares dos padrões de reestruturação urbana e regional relacionados ao pós-fordismo e ao período referente ao início do século XXI. Inicio assinalando algumas das premissas escalares que embasaram debates sobre a questão urbana nos anos 1970 e 1980. Eu então sugiro que, desde os anos 1990, a questão urbana tem sido repensada conceitualmente em termos reflexivamente escalares, no contexto de debates sobre a reestruturação urbana e regional mundial. A problemática da escala geográfica – sua organização espacial, sua produção social, sua contestação política e reconfiguração histórica – foi, portanto, inserida no âmago da questão urbana. As seções seguintes destacam a utilidade da perspectiva escalar para pensar as transformações urbanas contemporâneas, mas salientam a dificuldade persistente de definir seu conteúdo analítico distintivo. Confronto esse problema oferecendo uma série de proposições gerais com o propósito de especificar os parâmetros conceituais determinados das questões de escala e, por implicação, dos processos de reescalonamento. A teorização proposta envolve um estreitamento conceitual das questões de escala: os conceitos de escala não devem ser confundidos com aqueles de espaço, lugar, território ou redes. Consequentemente, as geografias cambiantes e polimórficas da reestruturação urbana não podem e não devem ser conceituadas inteiramente em termos escalares. Eu argumento, porém, que os conceitos escalares permanecem ferramentas essenciais para decifrar algumas das dimensões mais importantes das transformações urbanas contemporâneas.##plugins.themes.default.displayStats.downloads##
Références
AMIN, Ash. Regions unbound: towards a new politics of place. Geografiska Annaler, Série B, 86(1), 33-44, 2003.
AMIN, Ash. Spatialities of globalization. Environment and Planning A, n.34(3), 385-399, 2002.
ARTHUR, Brian W. Increasing returns and path dependence in the economy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
BERNDT, Christian. The rescaling of labour regulation in Germany: from national and regional corporatism to intrafirm welfare? Environment and Planning A, n.32(9), p.1569-1592, 2000.
BOYER, R., HOLLINGSWORTH, J. Rogers. From national embeddedness to spatial and institutional nestedness. In: Contemporary capitalism: The embeddedness of institutions. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
BRENNER, NEIL. A thousand leaves: notes on the geographies of uneven development. In: KEIL, R.; MAHON, R. (org.). Leviathan undone? Towards a political economy of scale. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2009. p. 27-49.
BRENNER, Neil. New state space: Urban governance and the rescaling of statehood. Oxford e New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
BRENNER, Neil. The limits to scale? Methodological reflections on scalar structuration. Progress in Human Geography, n. 25(4), p. 591-614, 2001.
BRENNER, Neil; THEODORE, Nik (org.). Spaces of neoliberalism: Urban restructuring in North America and Western Europe. Oxford, UK e Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 2002.
BULKELEY, Harriet. Reconfiguring environmental governance: towards a politics of scales and networks. Political Geography, n.24(8), p. 875-902, 2005.
CASTELLS, Manuel. Is there an urban sociology? In: Urban sociology: critical essays. PICKVANCE, C.G (org.). New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1976. p.33-59.
CASTELLS, Manuel. The urban question. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press and Edward Arnold, 1977.
CASTREE, Noel. Geographic scale and grass-roots internationalism: the Liverpool dock dispute, 1995-1998. Economic Geography, n.76(3), p.272-292, 2000.
COLLINGE, Chris. Flat ontology and the deconstruction of scale: a response to Marston, Jones and Woddward. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, n.31(2), p. 244-251, 2006.
COLLINGE, Chris. Self-organization of society by scale: a spatial reworking of regulation theory. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, n.17(5), p.557-574, 1999.
DEAR, Michael; SCOTT, Allen J.(org.). Urbanization and urban planning in capitalist society. London e New York: Methuen, 1982.
ESCOBAR, Arturo. The “ontological turn” in social theory: a commentary on Human geography without scale”, by Sallie Marston, John Paul Jones III and Keith Woodward. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, n.32(1), p.106-111, 2007.
FRIEDMANN, John; WOLFF, Goetz. World city formation: an agenda for research and action. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, n.6(3), p.309-344, 1982.
GOTTDIENER, Mark. The social production of urban space. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985.
GRAHAM, Stephen. Cities in the realtime age: the paradigm challenge of telecommunications to the conception and planning of urban space. Environment and Planning A, n.29(1), p.105-127, 1997.
HARVEY, David. The urban experience. Oxford and Baltimore: Basil Blackwell e John Hopkins University Press, 1989.
HARVEY, David. The limits to capital. Oxford e Chicago: Blackwell and University of Chicago Press, 1982.
HEROD, Andrew. Labor’s spatial praxis and the geography of contract bargaining un the US east coast longshore industry, 1953-1989. Political Geography, n.16(2), p.145-169, 1997.
HOWITT, Richard. Scale as relation: musical metaphors of geographical scale. Area, n.30(1), p.49-58, 1998.
JESSOP, Bob. The future of the capitalist state. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2002.
JESSOP, Bob. The crisis of the national spatio-temporal fix and the tendential ecological dominance of globalizing capitalism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, n.24(2), p.323-360, 2000.
JESSOP, Bob. The narrative of enterprise and the enterprise of narrative: place-marketing and the entrepreneurial city. In: The entrepreneurial city. HALL, T.; HUBBARD, P. (org), p. 77-102. London: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
JESSOP, Bob; BRENNER, Neil; JONES, Martin. Theorizing sociospatial relations. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, n.26(3), p.389-401, 2008.
JONAS, Andrew E.G. Pro scale: further reflections on the “scale debate” in human geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, n.31(3), p.399-406, 2006.
KEIL, Roger; MAHON, Rianne (org.). Leviathan undone? Towards a political economy of scale. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2009.
KNOX, Paul; TAYLOR, Peter (org). World cities in a world system. Cambridge, IK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
LEFEBVRE, Henri. State, space, world: Selected essays. BRENNER, Neil; ELDEN, S.(org). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009.
LEFEBVRE, Henri. The Right to the City. In: Henri Lefebvre, Writings on Cities. Traduzido por E. Kofman e E. Lebas, p.63-181. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1996.
LEFEBVRE, Henri. The explosion: Marxism and the French upheaval. Trduzido por A. Ehrenfeld. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1969.
LIPIETZ, Alain. The national and the regional: their autonomy vis-à-vis the capitalist world crisis. In: Transcending the state global divide. PALAN, R.P.; GILLS, B.(org.). Boulder: Lynne, 1994.
MARSTON, Sallie A. The social construction of scale. Progress in Human Geography, n.24(2), p.219-242, 2000.
MARSTON, Sallie A.; JONES III, John Paul; WOODWARD, Keith. Human geography without scale. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, n. 30(4), p.416-432, 2005.
MASSEY, Doreen. Spatial Divisions of Labour: Social structures and geography of production. New York e London: Methuen e Macmillan, 1985.
MAYER, Margit. Contesting the neoliberalization of urban governance. In: Contesting neoliberalism: Urban frontiers.
LEITNER, H; PECK, J.; SHEPARD, E. (org.), p.90-115. New York: Guilford, 2007.
PECK, Jamie; TICKELL, Adam. Searching for a new institutional fix: The after-Fordist crisis and the global-local Disorder. In: Post-Fordism: A reader.
AMIN, Ash (org.), p.280-315. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1994.
SAUNDERS, Peter. Social theory and the urban question. 2.ed. London: Hutchinson, 1986.
SAYER, Andrew R. Method in social science. 2.ed. London: Routledge, 1992.
SCOTT, Allen J. Regions and the world economy: The coming shape of global production, competition and political order. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
SCOTT, Allen J. The urban land nexus and the state. London: Pion, 1980.
SCOTT, Allen J.; STORPER, Michael (org.). Production, work, territory: The geographical anatomy of industrial capitalism. London: Allen & Unwin, 1986.
SHEPPARD, Eric. The space and times of globalization: place, scale, networks and positionality. Economic Geography, n. 78(3), p. 307-330, 2002.
SHEPPARD, Eric; MCMASTER, Robert (org.). Scale and geographic inquiry: Nature, society and method. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004.
SMITH, Neil. Remaking scale: competition and cooperation in prenational and postnational Europe. In: Competitive European peripheries.
ESKELINEN, H.; SNICKARS, F. (org.), p. 59-72. Berlim: Springer Verlag, 1995.
SMITH, Neil. Homeless/global: Scaling places. In: Maping the futures: Local cultures, global change. BIRD, J. et al (org.), p. 87-119. New York: Routledge, 1993.
SMITH, Neil. Geography, difference and the politics of scale. In: Postmodernism and the social science.
DOHERTY, E.; GRAHAM, E.; MALEK, M. (org.), p.57-79. London: Macmillan, 1992.
SOJA, Edward W. Postmetropolis: Critical studies of cities and regions. Oxford, UK e Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 2000.
SOJA, Edward W. Postmodern geographies: The reassertion of space in critical social theory. London e New York: Verso, 1989.
SOJA, Edward W. Economic restructuring and the internationalization of Los Angeles. In: The capitalist city.
SMITH, M.P.; FEAGIN, J.R. (org.), p.178-198. Cambridge, MA: Clackwell, 1987.
STORPER, Michael; SCOTT, Allen J.(org.). Pathways of industrialization and regional development. New York: Routledge, 1992.
STORPER, Michael; WALKER, Richard. The capitalist imperative: Territory, technology and industrial growth. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1989.
SWYNGEDOUW, Erik. Neither global nor local: “glocalization” and the politics of scale. In: Space of Globalization. COX, K. R.(org.), p. 137-166. New York: Guilford Press, 1997.
SWYNGEDOUW, Erik. The Mammon quest: “glocalisation”, interspatial competition and the money order: the construction of new scales. In: Cities and regions in the new Europe.
DUNFORD, M.; KAFKALAS, G. (org.), p.39-68. London: Belhaven Press, 1992.
TAYLOR, Peter J. World city network: A global urban analysis. London: Routledge, 2004.
TAYLOR, Peter J. World cities and territorial states: the rise and fall of their mutuality. In: World cities in a worldsystem.
KNOX, P.; TAYLOR, P. J. (org.), p.48-62. Cambridge, UK e New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Téléchargements
Publiée
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
(c) Copyright Neil Brenner 2013
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
Ce travail est disponible sous la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho com licença de uso da atribuição CC-BY, que permite distribuir, remixar, adaptar e criar com base no seu trabalho desde que se confira o devido crédito autoral, da maneira especificada por CS.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho on-line (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou em sua página pessoal) a qualquer altura antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).