Reevaluating evolutionary paradigms: The impact of Darwin's competitive vision and Humboldt'sholistic approach on modern ecology

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2447-2158.i18p137-147

Palavras-chave:

Charles Darwin, Alexander von Humboldt, Evolução, Seleção natural, Ecologia

Resumo

Este artigo examina criticamente as perspectivas contrastantes de Charles Darwin e Alexander von Humboldt sobre a evolução e a interconectividade da natureza, argumentando que a ênfase de Darwin na competição contribuiu para as crises ecológicas contemporâneas. Embora a teoria da seleção natural de Darwin tenha revolucionado as ciências biológicas ao focar na competição individual e na "sobrevivência do mais apto", ela reflete os valores competitivos e antropocêntricos da Inglaterra vitoriana. Em contraste, a visão holística de Humboldt, articulada em sua obra Kosmos, enfatiza as interdependências complexas dentro dos ecossistemas, antecipando os princípios ecológicos modernos. Ao explorar os contextos culturais que moldaram suas teorias, este artigo argumenta que a ampla adoção do modelo competitivo de Darwin incentivou atitudes exploratórias em relação à natureza, legitimando a degradação ambiental e contribuindo para a crise ecológica atual. A adoção da perspectiva interconectada de Humboldt é apresentada como essencial para enfrentar as catástrofes ecológicas, promovendo práticas sustentáveis e fomentando uma relação mais harmoniosa com o mundo natural.

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Biografia do Autor

  • Richard Montgomery, Sem registro de afiliação

    Médico Neurologista formado pela Santa Casa de São Paulo, com Mestrado em Medicina pela Unicamp, Doutorado pela USP. Economista formado pela Universidade de São Paulo. Mestrado em Economia pela FGV-SP. Formado em Ciência Computacional, IT, Matemática e Estatística. 

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Publicado

2025-03-07

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Artigos

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Montgomery, R. (2025). Reevaluating evolutionary paradigms: The impact of Darwin’s competitive vision and Humboldt’sholistic approach on modern ecology. Khronos, 18, 137-147. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2447-2158.i18p137-147