Balzac and the Book of Revelation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1769.mag.2025.236238

Keywords:

Honoré de Balzac, Book of Revelation, Bible, Irony, Jesus Christ in Flanders

Abstract

Inspired by the Apocalypse of John, Honoré de Balzac summons Jesus Christ for a second visit to Earth and makes him an accomplice to reinvent part of the prophecy of the end times, now adapted to the Armageddon of Rome. The novelist imagines a symbolic cataclysm of the religious world, prophesying the fall of the Empire of Cathedrals, that is, the Roman Church, with its priests, dogmas, and sacraments. Catholicism is judged and condemned by divine fury. The climax of this condemnation is found in Jesus Christ in Flanders (Jésus-Christ en Flandre), a short story in which Balzac recreates the passage from the Gospel of John, transporting the scene of the son of God walking on water to the icy coastline of Belgium. In the second part of the narrative, the figure of the great prostitute of the Apocalypse is alluded to represent the nineteenth-century decay of the Church of Peter. This article will highlight and analyze the most significant moments of Jesus Christ in Flanders.

 

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Author Biography

  • Lucius De Mello, Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas

     

    Doctor of Letters from the Graduate Program in Foreign Languages and Translation
    at the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters, and Human Sciences of the University of São Paulo. As a
    CAPES scholarship holder, he completed a sandwich Ph.D. at Sorbonne University in Paris, France,
    with the thesis The Bible According to Balzac: God, the Devil, and Biblical Heroes in The Human
    Comedy, supervised by Prof. Dr. Gloria Carneiro do Amaral. 

    Researcher, writer and journalist. Finalist for the Jabuti Award in 2003.

     

References

Obras de Balzac:

BALZAC, Honoré de. “História da Grandeza e da Decadência de César Birotteau”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. A Comédia Humana. Trad. Gomes da Silveira.Porto Alegre: EditoraGlobo, 1956a. p. 327-589, v. VIII.

BALZAC, Honoré de. “Esplendores e Misérias das Cortesãs”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. A Comédia Humana. Trad. Casemiro Fernandes. Porto Alegre: Editora Globo, 1956b, p. 15-481, v. IX.

BALZAC, Honoré de. “O Cura da Aldeia”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. A Comédia Humana.Trad. Vidal de Oliveira. Porto Alegre: Editora Globo, 1959a, p. 11-219, v. XIV.

BALZAC, Honoré de. “O Lírio do Vale”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. A Comédia Humana. Trad. Gomes da Silveira. Porto Alegre: Editora Globo, 1959b, p. 233-461, v. XIV.

BALZAC, Honoré de. “Jesus Cristo em Flandres”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. A Comédia Humana. Trad. Vidal de Oliveira. Porto Alegre: Editora Globo, 1959c, p. 245-259, v. XV.

BALZAC, Honoré de. “Os Proscritos”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. A Comédia Humana. Trad. Mário Quintana. Porto Alegre: Editora Globo, 1959d, p. 651-677, v. XVI.

BALZAC, Honoré de. “Louis Lambert”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. A Comédia Humana. Trad. Casemiro Fernandes. Porto Alegre: Editora Globo, 1959e, p. 11-102, v. XVII.

BALZAC, Honoré de. “Seráta”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. A Comédia Humana. Trad. Mário Quintana. Porto Alegre: Editora Globo, 1959f, p. 111-222, v. XVII.

BALZAC, Honoré. “Préface du Livre Mystique”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. La Comédie Humaine. Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 1980, p. 501-509, t. XI.

BALZAC, Honoré de. Lettres à Madame Hanska – t.I e t.II. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, 1990.

BALZAC, Honoré de. Des artistes: Œuvres Diverses. Paris: Gallimard, 1996.

Bíblia:

APOCALYPSE DE SAINT JEAN, APÔTRE. In: LA BIBLE. Trad. Lemaître de Sacy. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, 1990, p. 1599-1619.

ÉVANGILE SELON SAINT JEAN. In: LA BIBLE. Trad. Lemaître de Sacy. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, 1990, p. 1378–1410.

Obras gerais:

AZIZA, Claude. “Jésus dans le roman contemporain”. In: JOHNSON, Annick; HEITZ, Françoise (Org). Les Figures du Christ dans L’art, l’Histoire et la Littérature. Colloque Université d’Artois. Paris: Editora L’Harmattan, 2001, p. 157-162.

BARON, Anne-Marie. Balzac Occulte. Alchimie, Magnétisme, Sociétés Secrètes. Lausanne : Éditions L’Âge d’Homme, 2012.

BARON, Anne-Marie. Balzac et la Bible. Paris : Honoré Champion Éditeur, 2018.

BARON, Anne-Marie. Balzac ou l’auguste mensonge. Paris: Éditions Nathan, 1998.

BERTAULT, Philippe. Balzac et la Religion. Genève: Slatkine Reprints, 2002.

BRANDES, Georg. “Balzac”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. A Comédia Humana — Vol. IX. Trad. BereniceXavier. Porto Alegre: Editora Globo, 1956, p. XIII–XL. Trad.: A. Topin feita a partir da versão francesa publicada em Les Grands Courants Littéraires au XIX Siècle: l’École Romantique en France. Paris: A. Michalon, 1902, p. 147-190.

EAGLETON, Terry. Jesus Cristo — Os Evangelistas. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Zahar, 2009.

FARGEAUD, Madeleine. “Introduction à Jésus-Christ en Flandres”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. A Comédia Humana. Paris: Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, 1979, p. 297-310, t. X.

HANSEN, João Adolpho. Alegoria – Construção e Interpretação da Metáfora. Campinas: Hedra, 2006.

JOHNSON, Annick; HEITZ, Françoise. “Introduction a Les Figures du Christ dans L’art, l’Histoire et la Littérature”. In: JOHNSON, Annick; HEITZ, Françoise. (Org). Les Figures du Christ dans L’art, l’Histoire et la Littérature. Colloque Université d’Artois. Paris: Editora L’Harmattan, 2001, p. 9-11.

JUNG, Willi. Une défense de l’Église: ’Jésus-Christ en Flandre. L’Année Balzacienne, Paris, p. 113-130, 2013.

OSUGA, Saori. Séraphîta e la Bible. Paris : Honoré Champion Éditeur, 2017.

PIERROT, Roger. Honoré de Balzac. Paris: Éditons Fayard, 1994.

RÓNAI, Paulo. “Introdução ao conto Jesus Cristo em Flandres”. In: BALZAC, Honoré de. A Comédia Humana — Vol. XV. Porto Alegre: Editora Globo, 1959, p. 241-243.

Published

2025-11-08

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