Reproduction phenology of a high conservation priority cracid – the Bare‑faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata; Aves, Galliformes, Cracidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.031Keywords:
Camera trapping, Cracidae, Northern Pantanal, Territorial overlap, Year-round breedingAbstract
Knowledge of the reproductive biology of Bare-faced Curassows (BFC) from their natural habitats is very limited. Our study covers a two-and-a-half year breeding phenology on BFC in the northern Pantanal (Mato Grosso State, Brazil) with the main objective of collecting information on reproduction biology to contribute to future conservation management strategies of this cracid, which received a recent status of "High Conservation Priority". The study was conducted at the SESC Pantanal, Baía das Pedras, Mato Grosso, Brazil (16°29′55″S, 56°24′46″W), a private protected area of approximately 4,200 ha. Between July 2015 and December 2017, 37 sampling locations were monitored with camera traps placed in a regular grid with a spacing of 1 km. Offspring were detected at least once at 8 locations, namely, in March, April, and May 2016 and in June, July, October, and November 2017, always together with parent(s). Territorial overlap between different family groups was detected. The camera trap dataset was supplemented by data from Citizen Science Projects (i.e., eBird) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Based on feather developmental stages and body size, offspring were classified into different age classes. Age determination indicates that breeding occurs year-round in the northern Pantanal region, supported by eBird and GBIF data. The use of a grid-based design for future camera-trapping studies of BFCs is strongly recommended. Our study is of biological relevance for conservation management projects since data were collected in an area with low anthropogenic disturbance and intact ecosystem services.
Downloads
References
Abreu, G. 2017. eBird Checklist: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Available: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S43985117. Access: 22/08/2021.
Alminhana Macil, P.A. 2018. eBird Checklist: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Available: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S44673129. Access: 22/08/2021.
Alves, F.; Lepoz-Iborra, G.M. & Silveira, L.F. 2017. Population size assessment of endangered red-billed curassow Crax blumenbachii: accounting for variation in detectability and sex-biased estimates. Fauna and Flora International, 51(1): 137-145. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605315000721.
Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). 2012. Blue-billed Curassow (Crax alberti). In: AZA Galliformes Taxon Advisory Group. Regional collection plan. 2. ed. Silver Spring Md, Association of Zoos & Aquariums. https://ams.aza.org/iweb/upload/RCP_Galliformes2012-bc483ef3.pdf.
Beirne, C.; Pillco-Huarcaya, R.; Serrano-Rojas, S.J. & Whitworth, A. 2017. Terrestrial camera traps: essential tool for the detection and future monitoring of the Critically Endangered Sira curassow Pauxi koepckeae. Endangered Species Research, 32: 145-152. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00802.
Bello, C.; Galetti, M.; Pizo, M.A.; Magnago, L.F.S.; Rocha, M.F.; Lima, R.A.F.; Peres, C.A.; Ovaskainen, O. & Jordano, P. 2015. Defaunation affects carbon storage in tropical forests. Science Advances, 1(11): e1501105. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501105.
BirdLife International. 2021. Species factsheet: Crax fasciolata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available: https://www.birdlife.org. Access: 10/08/2021.
Boyle, A. 2019. eBird Checklist: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Available: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S60881099. Access: 22/08/2021.
Bronzini, E. 1940. Descrizione di un ibrido Crax fasciolata X C. alberti. Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia, 10: 11-21. https://sisn.pagepress.org/rio.
Bronzini, E. 1943. La riproduzione di Crax fasciolata Spix. Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia, 13: 80-83.
Brooks, D.M. & Strahl, S.D. 2000. Curassows, Guans and Chachalacas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan for Cracids 2000-2004. IUCN/SSC Cracid Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland CH and Cambridge UK. 182p.
Bruno, S.F.; de Carvalho, R.B.A. & Kirwan, G.M. 2006. Bare-faced Curassow Crax fasciolata in Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cotinga, 26: 80-86.
Campbell, B. & Lack, E. 1985. A Dictionary of Birds. Vermillion SD, Buteo Books.
Carpenter, E. 2019. eBird Checklist: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Available: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S60514930. Access: 22/08/2021.
Clay, R.P. & Oren, D.C. 2006. Bare-faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata). In: Brooks, D.M.; Cancino, L. & Pereira, S.L. (Eds.). Conserving cracids: the most threatened family of birds in the Americas. Miscellaneous Publications of the Houston Museum of Natural Science, 6: 53-55.
Coupe, M.F. 1966. Breeding Sclater's crested Curassows (Bare-faced Curassow). News from Chester ZOO. Aviculture Magazine, 72: 168-169.
De la Peña, M.R. 1992. Guía de Aves Argentinas. Falconiformes-Charadriiformes. Buenos Aires, Literature of Latin America (L.O.L.A.).
Del Hoyo, J. & Motis, A. 2004. Update Chapter. In: Delacour, J. & Amadon, D. Curassows and related Birds. 2. ed. Barcelona, Lynx Edicions and National Museum of Natural History.
Del Hoyo, J.; Kirwan, G.M. & Sharpe, C.J. 2019. Bare-faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata). In: Del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (Eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona, Lynx Edicions. Available: http://www.hbw.com/node/53316. Access: 21/07/2019.
Delacour, J. & Amadon, D. 2004. Curassows and Related Birds. 2. ed. Barcelona, Lynx Edicions and National Museum of Natural History, and New York, Second edition.
Desbiez, J.A.L. & Bernardo, S.S.C. 2011. Density estimates of the Bare-faced curassow (Crax fasciolata) in the Brazilian Pantanal. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 19(3): 385-390.
eBird Basic Dataset (EBD). 2021. Version: EBD_relJul-2021. New York, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca.
Endo, W.; Baniwa, E.A. & Leite, G.A. 2021. Nest, nest site and early growth of crestless Curassow (Mitu tomentosum) in northern Amazonia. Continga, 43: 106-108.
Faust, R. & Faust, I. 1963. Breeding Crax fasciolata. Der Zoologische Garten, 28: 8-11.
Fernández-Duque, F.; Huck, M.; Dávalos, V. & Fernández-Duque, E. 2013. Estudio preliminar sobre la ecología el comportamiento y la demografía del Muitú (Crax fasciolata) en la selva en galería del Riacho Pilagá, Formosa, Argentina. Hornero, 28(2): 65-67. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-01241-130201.
Francisco, M.R.; Costa, M.C.; Azeredo, R.M.; Simpson, J.G.P.; da Costa Dias, T.; Fonseca, A.; Pinto, F.J.M. & Silveira, L.F. 2021. Recovered after an extreme bottleneck and saved by ex situ management: Lessons from the Alagoas curassow (Pauxi mitu [Linnaeus, 1766]; Aves, Galliformes, Cracidae). Zoo Biology, 40(1): 76-78. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21577.
Fundación Rewilding Argentina. 2021. Reintroduction project in Iberá Park. Bare-faced Curassow. Available: https://rewildingargentina.org/ibera-project/#muitu. Access: 20/08/2021.
Galetti, M.; Guevara, R.; Côrtes, M.C.; Fadini, R.; Von Matter, S.; Leite, A.B.; Labecca, F.; Ribeiro, T.; Carvalho, C.S.; Collevatti, R.G.; Pires, M.M.; Guimarães-Jr., P.R.; Brancalion, P.H.; Ribeiro, M.C. & Jordano, P. 2013. Functional extinction of birds drives rapid evolutionary changes in seed size. Science, 340(6136): 1086-1090. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1233774.
Galetti, M.; Martuscelli, P.; Olmos, F. & Aleixo, A. 1997. Ecology and conservation of the jacutinga Pipile jacutinga in the Atlantic forest of Brazil. Biological Conservation, 82(1): 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00004-9.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2021. GBIF Occurrence. Available: https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.vyrese. Access: 06/09/2021.
Gomes, A.P.N.; Fornitano, L.; Costa, R.T. & Kimberly, T.A. 2018. The importance of protected areas for conservation of bare-faced curassow (Crax fasciolata Spix, 1825) (Galliformes: Cracidae) in the São Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 18(3): e20180524.
Guimarães, J.R.A.; Bergamin, F. & Carvalho, J.P. 1935. Notas sobre a evolução e a biologia do Mutum (Crax fasciolata Spix). Boletim Biológico, 2(3): 76-81.
Gwinner, E. 2003. Circannual rhythms in birds. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 13(6): 770-778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2003.10.010.
Heinroth, O. 1931. Observations on curassow chicks. Journal für Ornithologie, 79: 278-283. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2018-0524.
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). 2021. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available: https://www.iucnredlist.org. Access: 29/12/2021.
Junk, W.J.; da Cunha, C.N.; Wantzen, K.M.; Petermann, P.; Strüssmann, C.; Marques, M.I. & Adis, J. 2006. Biodiversity and its conservation in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Aquatic Sciences, 68(3): 278-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-006-0851-4.
Junk, W.J.; Nunes da Cunha, C.; Da Silva, C.J. & Wantzen, K.M. 2011. The Pantanal: A large South American wetland and its position in limnological theory. In: Junk, W.J.; Da Silva, C.J.; Nunes da Cunha, C. & Wantzen, K.M. (Eds.). The Pantanal: ecology, biodiversity and sustainable management of a large Neotropical seasonal wetland. Sofia, Pensoft Publishers. p. 23-44.
Kibbe, D. 2019. eBird Checklist: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Available: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S60657430. Access: 22/08/2021.
Kirwan, G.M. 2009. Notes on the breeding ecology and seasonality of some Brazilian birds. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 17(2): 121-136.
Krieg, H. & Schumacher, E. 1936. Beobachtungen von Wildhühnern. Verhandlungen Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern, 21(1): 1-18.
Lafleur, L.; Pardo, L.; Spínola, R.M.; Saénz, J. & Cove, M.V. 2014. Notes on plumage patterns and activity of the Great Curassow (Crax rubra) in northeastern Costa Rica. Bulletin of the Cracid Group, 36: 17-19.
Laino, R.; Musalem, K.; Caballero-Gini, A.; Bueno-Villafañe, D. & Chaparro, S. 2018. Uso de habitat y comportamiento de Crax fasciolata en el Chaco Húmedo Paraguayo. Hornero, 33(2): 121-127.
Langeloh Roos, A. 2008. eBird Checklist: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Available: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S79692948. Access: 22/08/2021.
Lepre, N. 2018. eBird Checklist: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Available: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S44147074. Access: 22/08/2021.
Loewen, S. 2013. eBird Checklist: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Available: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S15188648. Access: 22/08/2021.
Martensen, A.C.; Ribeiro, M.C.; Banks‐Leite, C.; Prado, P. & Metzger, J.P. 2012. Associations of forest cover, fragment area, and connectivity with Neotropical understory bird species richness and abundance. Conservation Biology, 26(6): 1100-1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01940.x.
Martin, T.E. 1987. Food as a limit on breeding birds: a life-history perspective. Annual Review of Ecology And Systematics, 18(1): 453-487.
Nardelli, P.M. 1981. La preservación del Paujil del nordeste brasileño. In: Estudillo J. (Ed.). Memorias Primer Simpósio International de La Familia Cracidae. Mexico DF, UNAM. p. 273-283.
Nardelli, P.M. 1993. A Preservação do Mutum-de Alagoas Mitu mitu. Rio de Janeiro, Zôo-botânica Mário Nardelli.
O'Brien, T.G.; Kinnaird, M.F. & Wibisono, H.T. 2003. Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation, 6: 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943003003172.
Pardo, E.L.; Lafleur, L.; Spinola, R.M.; Saenz, J. & Cove, M. 2017. Camera traps provide valuable data to assess the occurrence of the Great curassow Crax rubra in northeastern Costa Rica. Neotropical Biodiversity, 3(1): 182-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1346548.
Pérez-Granados, C. & Schuchmann, K.L. 2021. Passive acoustic monitoring of Chaco Chachalaca (Ortalis canicollis) over a year: vocal activity pattern and monitoring recommendations. Tropical Conservation Science, 14: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/19400829211058295.
Pérez-Irineo, G. & Santos-Moreno, A. 2017. Occupancy, relative abundance, and activity patterns of Great Curassow (Crax rubra) in Southeastern Mexico. Ornitología Neotropical, 28: 313-320.
Ribon, R.; Simon, J.E. & De Mattos, T.G. 2003. Bird extinctions in Atlantic forest fragments of the Viçosa region, southeastern Brazil. Conservation Biology, 17(6): 1827-1839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00377.x.
Schunck, F. 2020. eBird Checklist: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Available: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S75403771. Access: 22/08/2021.
Seifert, R. 2014. eBird Checklist: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. Available: https://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S92121604. Access: 22/08/2021.
Sick, H. 2001. Ornitologia Brasileira. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro, Editora Nova Fronteira.
Srbek-Araujo, A.K.; Silveira, L.F. & Chiarello, A.G. 2012. The red Billed Curassow (Crax blumenbachii): Social Organization, and Daily Activity Patterns. The Wilson Journal of Ornitology, 124(2): 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1676/11-054.1.
Stotz, D.F.; Fitzpatrick, J.W.; Parker III, T.A. & Moskovits, D.K. 1996. Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
Taibel, A.M. 1940. Osservazioni sulla roproduzine in cattivià di Crax globicera globicera Linneus (synonymous to Crax rubra). Stazione sperimentale di aviculture di Rovigo. Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia, 10: 93-126.
Taibel, A.M. 1953. Osservazioni sulla riproduzione e allavamento in cattivia di Penelope superciliaris Temminck e Ortalis garrula garrula Humboldt. Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia, 23: 85-122.
Vaurie, C. 1968. Taxonomy of the Cracidae (Aves). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 138: 133-259. https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/1108.
Whitworth, A.; Beirne, C.; Flatt, E.; Huarcaya, R.P.; Cruz, J.C.D.; Forsyth, A.; Molnár, P.K. & Vargas-Soto, J.S. 2018. Secundary forest is utilized by Great Curassows (Crax rubra) and Great Tinamous (Tinamus major) in the absence of hunting. The Condor, 120(4): 852-862. https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-18-57.1.
Winkler, D.W.; Billerman, S.M. & Lovette, I.J. 2020. Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows (Cracidae), version 1.0. In: Billerman, S.M.; Keeney, B.K.; Rodewald, P.G. & Schulenberg, T.S. (Eds.). Birds of the World. Ithaca, Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.cracid2.01.
Zalazar, S.; Benitez, A.L. & Di Giacomo, A.S. 2018. Determining the factors that influence the occurrence of Bare-faced Curassows (Crax fasciolata) in Humid Chaco, northern Argentina. Avian Conservation and Ecology, 13(2): 1. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-01241-130201.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Responsibility: The scientific content and the opinions expressed in the manuscript are the sole responsibility of the author(s).
Copyrights: Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. The journal is licensed under a Creative Commons attribution-type CC-BY.
How to Cite
Funding data
-
Brehm Fonds für internationalen Vogelschutz e.V.
Grant numbers Pantanal 001
