Specimens lost, biodiversity data preserved: Part I. A revised and illustrated catalog of the name-bearing types of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Romaleidae) from the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2026.66.special-issue-1.028Keywords:
Caelifera, Digitization, Natural History Collections, Type material, Zoological nomenclatureAbstract
The Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Brazil (MNRJ), served as the primary repository for Brazilian Orthoptera (Insecta), housing the country’s largest assemblage of this order and one of the most prominent in South America. This paper presents a revised and illustrated catalog of the name-bearing specimens (types) of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Romaleidae) from the MNRJ. These types and their respective primary biodiversity data were digitized during on-site inspections by the Brazilian national biodiversity platform, Sistema de Informação sobre a Biodiversidade Brasileira (SiBBr). A historical overview of the Orthoptera Collection from the MNRJ is provided. A total of 61 species nomina were recorded, comprising 59 holotypes and 2 neotypes, belonging to 24 genera, 4 subtribes, 9 tribes, and 2 subfamilies. The complete type series of the species nomina related to the types were also surveyed, detailing their catalog numbers, type status, figures, type localities, main references, primary data, total number of the type series along with the collections where they were originally destined, and essential links. All types were originally destined for MNRJ, except the holotype of Pseudonautia nigrithorax Descamps, 1978 (FHCE, Uruguay). The neotype of Acridium olfersii Burmeister, 1838 from the MNRJ may become invalid in view of the apparent rediscovery of syntypes in the MLUH, Germany. We also discuss the use of terms not recognized by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) – ‘neoholotype’ and ‘neoparatype’ – while clarifying the status of “true” versus “fake” types. All types digitized by the SiBBr were lost in the Palácio de São Cristóvão fire on September 2, 2018. However, no name-bearing specimens belonging to 47 species nomina, destined for external collections, likely remain preserved. Conceived for a special volume honoring Prof. Dr. Miguel A. Monné, this paper updates his previous type catalogs by resolving numerical/typographical discrepancies of the MNRJ Orthoptera Collection, as well as discussing concerning post-disaster nomenclatural trends and best practices for types. Equally important, it publishes for the first time the rescued primary biodiversity data alongside unprecedented high-resolution images of these types. This integration establishes a permanent, living dataset that provides a robust taxonomic foundation for Neotropical Romaleidae. Ultimately, this work demonstrates that digitizing specimens and their primary biodiversity data is a critical strategy to preserve information for future research and to safeguard the heritage of Natural History Collections against catastrophic events.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Grant numbers 380800/2016-0 [2016-2018];381520/2018-8 [2018-2019] -
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Grant numbers E-26/202.760/2024 (303024) [2024-2025]
