Biología y teoría psicoanalítica: de las matices de una afinidad controvertida a la adaptación epigenética
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6564e230040Palabras clave:
teoría psicoanalítica, teoría de la evolución, teoría neuronalResumen
A finales del siglo XIX, Freud se basó en la teoría neuronal para respaldar su modelo teórico del aparato mental. Sin embargo, debido a las restricciones de la neurobiología de la época, trasladó sus exploraciones teóricas al campo metapsicológico. A pesar de este cambio, los fundamentos neurobiológicos iniciales siguieron siendo influyentes en el desarrollo de su teoría de la mente, destacando especialmente la interacción entre factores hereditarios y ambientales en la diferenciación de las estructuras psíquicas. Freud creía que era a través de la interacción de los organismos con el medio ambiente/cultura, junto con la herencia biológica, que ocurría la diferenciación de las estructuras psíquicas, una visión que resuena con los principios lamarkianos rechazados por la biología de la época. Esta divergencia entre la biología y la teoría psicoanalítica, centrada en la adhesión de Freud a sus conceptos teóricos, señala un conflicto entre las disciplinas. Sin embargo, los desarrollos contemporáneos en biología, como la epigenética, pueden proporcionar una base para la reconciliación entre estos campos.
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