Health status and academic progress: A cross-sectional study of nursing students in Croatia and Serbia

Abstract

Objective: To compare the health status and academic progress of nursing students in Croatia, a European Union member state, and Serbia, a European Union candidate country, and to identify factors influencing their well-being and academic success. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 424 nursing students from the University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb, Croatia, and the Academy of Educational and Medical Vocational Studies in Ćuprija, Serbia. Data were collected through an online questionnaire assessing health behavior, well-being, and academic performance. Statistical analyses included the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Croatian students had lower absenteeism (31.6%) and exhibited more responsible sexual health behaviors, while Serbian students reported higher levels of self-satisfaction (mean rank: 189.16 vs. 148.75; p < 0.01) and academic motivation (mean rank: 137.51 vs. 105.66; p < 0.01). Both groups showed health behaviors within normal ranges, though stress and substance use were prevalent. Statistically significant differences were found in self-satisfaction and academic progress (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights differences in health and academic outcomes between nursing students in Croatia and Serbia, influenced by cultural, educational, and familial factors. Interventions addressing stress and promoting healthy behaviors are recommended.