Determinist Tolstoy? History, determination and freedom in War and Peace (1863-1869)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-4765.rus.2024.225912Keywords:
Lev Tolstoy , War and Peace , History, determination, freedomAbstract
The main aim of this paper is to analyze the complex relationships between History, determination and freedom developed in War and Peace (1863-1869). First, I analyze the main characteristics of history for Liev Tolstoy. Secondly, I investigate the relationship between determination and freedom in War and Peace. Finally, I present the means discovered by the novel's characters to act in history. I distance myself from the hypothesis, defended by Isaiah Berlin, that Liev Tolstoy had a deterministic position on history. I believe that the Russian writer, through War and Peace, presented an alternative modernity, based not on projections for the future, but on attention to the infinite and living elements of the present. Thus, new ways of acting in the world can be highlighted, useful for action in a present that is too oppressive for the individual.
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