Touch DNA Analysis in Forensics: advantages and limitations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-2770.v29i2e-232173Keywords:
Touch DNA, Forensic Genetics, Microsatellite Repeats, Genetic Profile, Polymorphism, GeneticAbstract
Advances in Forensic Genetics have enabled the analysis of samples with low DNA quality and quantity, allowing the generation of genetic profiles based on autosomal STR markers. Among such samples is touch DNA, which refers to genetic material deposited through contact with a surface or object. Its analysis is particularly valuable when fingerprints have low integrity or insufficient detail for examination through papilloscopy. Touch DNA transfer can occur through direct contact between the depositor and a surface (primary transfer) or via an intermediate vector (secondary transfer). Secondary transfer often results in mixed DNA profiles from multiple individuals, complicating interpretation. Several factors influence touch DNA deposition, including shedder status, an inter-individual variation affected by age, sex, skin conditions, and personal habits. In addition, variables such as surface type, time elapsed since hand hygiene, and the nature of contact also impact DNA deposition and recovery. The deposited DNA may originate from skin cells on the hands or from genetic material transferred from other body regions, including bodily fluids such as sebum and saliva. Research in this field underscores the need to better understand the variables affecting touch DNA deposition and recovery to enhance forensic practices and improve the interpretation of genetic profiles in criminal investigations.
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