A oposição aos pavilhões do parque Ibirapuera (1950-1954)

Abstract

This article discusses the disagreements around the construction of Ibirapuera Park in the first half of the 1950s, when the municipal government of São Paulo decided, with support from the state government, to implement the project for the purpose of staging the celebrations of the city's 400th anniversary on its premises. Ibirapuera is regarded as the first metropolitan park in São Paulo. It was built in 1954 as the city laid claim to the title of "modern metropolis". Sprawling across an area of 1,584,000m² in the vicinity of wealthy neighborhoods, the park boasts a complex of buildings designed by Oscar Niemeyer for commemorative exhibitions. Its construction gave rise to a number of protests gathered around a group with direct representation in several institutions and mass media. Subsequently, however, the opposition was completely silenced not only by the social agents involved in the process but also by the literature published on the subject. In this paper, we try to raise a few questions about the said opposition in an effort to set a counterpoint to the commemorative nature of the events associated with the city's foundation, and thereby look beyond the celebration and acclamation of its progress. Our investigation brings to light an arena of conflicts and disputes, suggesting that there was no direct connection between the celebration of the city's anniversary and the modern design of the pavilions in Ibirapuera Park at the time, but rather a series of political clashes of great import for urban planning in São Paulo that are worth revisiting.