Development and characterization of photoprotective nanoemulsions containing Babassu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) lipophilic extract

Italo  Rennan Sousa Vieira; Ana Clara  Lima Nunes Silva; Natalia Ruben Castro; Cristal dos Santos   Cerqueira Pinto; Zaida Maria  Faria de Freitas; Eduardo Ricci-Júnior; Elisabete Pereira dos Santos; Adriana  Leandro Camara; Maria Célia  Pires Costa; Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

Authors

Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-4543
Ana Clara Lima Nunes Silva Department of Chemistry, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
Natalia Ruben Castro Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Cristal dos Santos Cerqueira Pinto Department of Drugs and Medicines https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-4547
Zaida Maria Faria de Freitas Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-1711
Eduardo Ricci-Júnior Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2550-696X
Elisabete Pereira dos Santos Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6712-0643
Adriana Leandro Camara Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
Maria Célia Pires Costa Department of Chemistry, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
Carlos Adam Conte-Junior Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Keywords:

Orbignya phalerata;, Babassu extract;, Sunscreens;, Nanoemulsions;, In vitro SPF

Abstract

Oil-in-water photoprotective nanoemulsions (NEs) were developed using Babassu (BBS) lipophilic extract, nonionic surfactants, and low concentrations of organic sunscreens by ultrasonic processing. BBS extract was chosen due to its suitable physicochemical properties (acidity index, peroxide index, refraction index, and relative density) and predominance of saturated fatty acids, identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which promote biological activities and high oxidative stability. NEs were characterized by mean droplet size, morphology, polydispersity index (PdI), pH, and organoleptic properties, and the physical stability of the NEs was evaluated for 120 days at room temperature. The sun protection factor (SPF) was determined, and the photostability and in vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed for NEs. All NEs remained stable for 120 days, with a droplet size <150 nm and a monomodal distribution profile. The pH values were compatible with the skin’s pH. NE3 showed a spherical morphology, with a mean droplet size of 125.15 ± 0.16 nm and PdI of 0.145 ± 0.032. NE3 containing BBS extract and sunscreens presented an SPF of 35.5 ± 3.0, was photostable after 6 h of radiation and was non-cytotoxic to fibroblast cells. Thus, NE3 could be considered a promising formulation for developing synergic plant-extract sunscreen photoprotective products for the market.

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