Um provável caso de Theileriose em bovinos na Colômbia. Primeiro relato
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2024.213510Palavras-chave:
Gado, Theileria, Anemia, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, AcidoseResumo
A teileriose bovina é uma doença transmitida por carrapatos causada por protozoários do gênero Theileria, podendo acometer diferentes espécies de ruminantes, sendo principalmente bovinos entre as espécies domesticadas. A doença ocorre principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo onde as condições climáticas e ambientais favorecem o desenvolvimento de seus vetores. Os sinais clínicos variam de acordo com a espécie infectante. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar clinicamente e apresentar o primeiro relato de Theileriose em vacas Holandesas e Simental na Colômbia. Duas novilhas gestantes de 22 meses de idade foram encaminhadas à Clínica de Grandes Animais da Universidade Nacional da Colômbia com histórico de depressão, pigmentúria e fezes escuras. Ao exame clínico, os principais sinais clínicos foram decúbito, desidratação grave (10-12%), mucosas ictéricas, pulso fraco. O hemograma revelou anemia grave, hipoproteinemia e linfopenia; alterações microscópicas nas hemácias como estruturas compatíveis com Theileria spp. foram observadas em linfócitos e hemácias. Observou-se elevação dos níveis de AST, GGT, uréia, cloreto e sódio e a gasometria revelou acidose metabólica; taquicardia ventricular foi observada em uma novilha. A anemia e as alterações morfológicas podem ser devidas à presença de Theileria nos eritrócitos que aumenta sua taxa de eliminação juntamente com alterações oxidativas ou mecanismos imunomediados. A linfopenia observada poderia ser atribuída à presença de microrganismos no interior das células que favorecem a destruição celular. O aumento nos níveis de enzimas hepáticas pode ter sido resultado de anemia, desidratação que causa má perfusão sanguínea do fígado. A acidose metabólica observada e a hiperlactatemia estiveram associadas à perfusão tissular inadequada. Em conclusão, este é um surto muito provável de Theileriose em novilhas Holandesas e Simental na Colômbia.
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